Vol.19, NO.5, 2008
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2008  >  19(5): 522-530
Yang Ming, Xu Haiming, Li Weiliang, et al. Variations of East Asian monsoon and its relationships with land-sea temperature difference in recent 40 years. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2008, 19(5): 522-530.
Citation: Yang Ming, Xu Haiming, Li Weiliang, et al. Variations of East Asian monsoon and its relationships with land-sea temperature difference in recent 40 years. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2008, 19(5): 522-530.
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Variations of East Asian Monsoon and Its Relationships with Land-sea Temperature Difference in Recent 40 Years

  • 1.

    School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044

  • 2.

    Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

  • Received Date: 2007-08-20
  • Rev Recd Date: 2008-01-18
  • Publish Date: 2008-10-31
    Abstract
  • Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis grid data for the period of 1957—2000, East Asian Monsoon indexes defined by Qiao Yunting are calculated with interrelationship and annual changes of the indexes are examined. Relationships between the indexes and the variability of the weather elements and characteristics of the climate change in the east of China are analyzed by using surface data from 194 surface stations. The results show that the changes of the southwest monsoon, the southeast monsoon and the north monsoon are different. The intensity of southwest monsoon has been weakening until 1990s as well as the area's change. The southeast monsoon becomes weaker in recent 40 years. On the contrary, its range increases. The north monsoon changes little both in the intensity and area in winter. However the summer monsoon affecting the China continent weakens in liner changes in recent 40 years. In summer, the precipitation of Yangtze-Huaihe River valley increases apparently and decreases over the other east parts of China in summer. The precipitation of every part in monsoon region and its corresponding land-sea temperature difference show negative correlation, and the precipitation of Northeast China and North China have positive correlation with the land-sea temperature difference of Yangtze-Huaihe River valley. It means that when the land-sea temperature difference of Yangtze-Huaihe River valley drops, the precipitation of Yangtze-Huaihe River valley increases and that of Northeast China and North China decreases. The relationship between land-sea temperature difference and precipitation in two different phases are examined, and it is found that the influence of land-sea temperature difference on precipitation in summer enhances in the second phase (1979—2000) than in the first phase (1957—1978). The temperatures of the east part of China continent and the corresponding sea increase in recent 40 years, and the increasing velocity of the sea is larger than that of the continent, which resulting in the land-sea temperature difference decreasing year by year. That may be the cause why the summer monsoon changes weakly. During the period from 1957 to 1978, the temperatures of 850 hPa in summer drop over the middle and west part of China except north part of Xinjiang and rise over the east of China. During the second period from 1979 to 2000, the temperature of 850 hPa in summer rises all over China except middle and north part of Xingjiang and Qinghai, the north part of Gansu and west part of Inner Mongolia. The area where temperature of 850 hPa in summer increases most greatly moves from southwest of Northern China and east part of Yangtze-Huaihe River valley to west part of Yangtze-Huaihe River valley and the southeast sea to China continent.
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    References(17)

  • Fig. 1  Temporally-varying and two step fitting curve of monsoon area index and intensity index in monsoon area (20°-40°N, 100°-140°E) during 1957-2000

    (a) summer monsoon area index, (b) summer monsoon intensity index, (c) winter monsoon area index, (d) winter monsoon intensity index

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 2  Temporally-varying and two step fitting curve of daily precipitation in summer in the east of China during 1957-2000 (a) Northeast China, (b) North China, (c) Yangtze-Huaihe River valley, (d) South China

    （the precipitation in summer of Northeast China, North China and Yangtze-Huaihe River valley is represented by daily precipitation of June, July and August, and the precipitation in summer of South China is represented by daily precipitation of April, May and June）

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    Fig. 3  The line trend distribution of yearly air temperature of 850 hPa in China during 1957-1978 (a) and 1979-2000 (b)

    （light and dark shaded areas denotes the test exceeding 0.05 and 0.01 level）

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 4  Temporally-varying and two step fitting curve of 850 hPa temperature in summer the east of China and corresponding sea areas during 1957-2000

    (a) North China and corresponding sea area, (b) Yangtze-Huaihe River valley and corresponding sea area, (c) South China and corresponding east sea area, (d) South China and corresponding North sea area

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 5  Temporally-varying and two step fitting curve of daily land-sea temperature difference in summer in the east of China and corresponding sea areas during 1957-2000

    (a) North China and corresponding sea area, (b) Yangtze-Huaihe River valley and corresponding sea area, (c) South China and corresponding east sea area, (d) South China and corresponding North sea area

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 6  Temporally-varying and two step fitting curve of daily surface temperature in the east of China and SST of its corresponding sea area in summer during 1957-2000

    (a) North China and corresponding sea area, (b) Yangtze-Huaihe River valley and corresponding sea area, (c) South China and corresponding east sea area, (d) South China and corresponding south sea area

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Table  1  The correlation coefficients between different monsoon indices during 1957-2000

    Table  2  The correlation coefficients between land-sea temperature difference and different monsoon indices in summer during 1957-2000

    Table  3  The correlation coefficients between land-sea temperature difference and precipitation over the east of China in summer during 1957-2000

    Table  4  The correlation coefficients between land-sea temperature difference and precipitation over the east of China in summer during 1957-1978 and 1979-2000
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    • Received : 2007-08-20
    • Accepted : 2008-01-18
    • Published : 2008-10-31
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