Temporal Distribution and Waveform Characteristics of Positive Cloud-to-ground Lightning in Beijing Area

Zhang Yang; Zhang Yijun; Meng Qing; Lü Weitao

Vol.21, NO.4, 2010

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2010 > 21(4): 442-449

Zhang Yang, Zhang Yijun, Meng Qing, et al. Temporal distribution and waveform characteristics of positive cloud-to-ground lightning in Beijing area. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2010, 21(4): 442-449.

Citation:

Zhang Yang, Zhang Yijun, Meng Qing, et al. Temporal distribution and waveform characteristics of positive cloud-to-ground lightning in Beijing area. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2010, 21(4): 442-449.

Zhang Yang, Zhang Yijun, Meng Qing, et al. Temporal distribution and waveform characteristics of positive cloud-to-ground lightning in Beijing area. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2010, 21(4): 442-449.

Citation:

Zhang Yang, Zhang Yijun, Meng Qing, et al. Temporal distribution and waveform characteristics of positive cloud-to-ground lightning in Beijing area. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2010, 21(4): 442-449.

PDF( 1476 KB)

Temporal Distribution and Waveform Characteristics of Positive Cloud-to-ground Lightning in Beijing Area

Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

Received Date: 2010-02-08
Rev Recd Date: 2010-06-08
Publish Date: 2010-08-31

Abstract

Abstract

The temporal distribution and waveform characteristics for positive cloud to ground lightning (PCG) vary in different regions. The research on characteristics of PCG in Beijing Area is still not enough up to now. Based on the lightning location data from March to November in 2004 and 2005, the temporal distribution of PCG in Beijing Area is analyzed. The waveform characteristics are also investigated using the data of electric field change. The results show that from May to July there are more PCG happening than other seasons in Beijing Area. The PCG occupies 55.3% of all lightning events from March to May and from October to November, while the percentage of PCG is only 10.88% for the whole year. On the other hand, the distribution of PCG in Beijing also changes with time in a day, with a high frequency of PCG and a large percentage up to 16.2% during 15:00—21:00. It's also found that the temporal distribution is inverse correlation between PCG and negative cloud to ground lightning (NCG) in a day. There is a decreasing tendency of PCG lightning with an increase of cloud to ground (CG) lightning. For most of PCG there is only one return stroke and the percentage of PCG with multiple return strokes is only 3.89%. The PCG with multiple return strokes mainly occurs in May and November and during 15:40—17:20 in a day. The waveform parameters and the characteristics of continuing current are given by statistics. The rising time of return stroke is between 5—28 μs, with a mean value of 11.55 μs. The time of slow front is between 2.8—23.6 μs with 9.41 μs on average. The ratio between the amplitude of slow front and the peak of return peak is 53%. The time of recovering to zero is 43.97 μs and the depth of the dip is 20.75%. The average value of return stroke peak after being normalized to 100 km is 13.66 V·m-1. Most of PCG contain continuing current process. The percentage of PCG with continuing current is 69.2%, 48.7% of which lead to long continuing current. The average lasting time of continuing current is 113 ms.
- Beijing Area;
- positive cloud to ground lightning;
- temporal distribution waveform characteristics;

FullText(HTML)

References(18)

Figures and Tables

图 1 正地闪电流分布统计

Fig. 1 Current distribution of return stroke in PCG lightning

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 2004, 2005年3-11月平均地闪频次分布图

Fig. 2 The distribution of cloud-to-ground lightning from March to November in 2004 and 2005

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 地闪日变化规律

Fig. 3 Daily distribution of CG lightning

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 2005年6月17日地闪分布图

Fig. 4 Daily distribution of CG lightning on 17 June 2005

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 多回击正地闪日分布规律

Fig. 5 Daily distribution of PCG lightning with multiple return strokes

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 电场变化波形参数图

Fig. 6 Parameters of electric field change waveform

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 正地闪参数统计图（a）上升沿时间，（b）慢前沿时间，（c）过零时间，（d）回击峰值，（e）慢前沿峰值比，（f）负反冲深度

Fig. 7 Waveform parameters of PCG lightning (a) rise time, (b) slow front time, (c) the time of recovering to zero, (d) the peak of return stroke, (e) the ratio between the amplitude of slow front and stroke peak, (f) the depth of the dip

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 电场慢变化曲线上的连续电流

Fig. 8 Continuing current in the curve of slow electric field change

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 正地闪连续电流分布统计

Fig. 9 Distribution of continuing current in PCG lightning

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 正、负地闪分布统计

Table 1 Distribution of positive and negative cloud-to-ground lightning

表 2 连续电流统计表

Table 2 Statistics of continuing current

References

[1]	张义军, 孟青, 马明, 董万胜, 吕伟涛.闪电探测技术发展和资料应用.应用气象学报, 2006, 17(5):611-620. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=200605104&flag=1
[2]	马明, 吕伟涛, 张义军, 孟青, 杨晶.1997-2006年我国雷电灾情特征.应用气象学报, 2008, 19(4):393-400. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20080402&flag=1
[3]	张义军, 言穆弘, 张翠华, 王怀斌.甘肃平凉地区正地闪特征分析.高原气象, 2003, 22(3):295-300. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX200303014.htm
[4]	张义军, 周秀骥.雷电研究的回顾和进展.应用气象学报, 2006, 17(6):829-834. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=200606130&flag=1
[5]	郑栋, 孟青, 吕伟涛, 张义军, 柴秀梅, 马明.北京及其周边地区夏季地闪活动时空特征分析.应用气象学报, 2005, 16(5):638-644. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20050582&flag=1
[6]	王道洪, 郄秀书, 郭昌明.雷电与人工引雷.上海:上海交通大学出版社, 2000:68-69.
[7]	Orville R E, Huffines G R, Cloud-to-ground lightning in the united states:NLDN results in the first decade.1989-98.Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2001, 129:1179-1193.
[8]	郄秀书, 余晔, 王怀斌, 张翠斌.中国内陆高原地闪特征的统计分析.高原气象, 2001, 20(4):395-401. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX200104007.htm
[9]	张敏锋, 刘欣生, 张义军, 樊灵孟, 钟定珠, 周良才.广东地区雷电活动的气候分布特征.热带气象学报, 2000, 16(1):46-53. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RDQX200001005.htm
[10]	郄秀书, 郭昌明, 刘欣生.北京与兰州地区的地闪特征.高原气象, 1990, 9(4):388-394. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX199004005.htm
[11]	Wiens K C, Rutledge S A, Tessendorf S A.The 29 June 2000 supercell observed during STEPS.Part II:Lightningand charge structure.Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2005, 62, 4151-4177. doi: 10.1175/JAS3615.1
[12]	Carey L D, Buffalo K M.Environmental control of cloud-toground lightning polarity in severe storms.Monthly Weather Review, 2007, 135:1327-1353. doi: 10.1175/MWR3361.1
[13]	冯桂力, 陈文选, 刘诗军.山东地区闪电的特征分析.应用气象学报, 2002, 21(1):347-355. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20020345&flag=1
[14]	郄秀书, 郭昌明, 张翠华.地闪回击的微秒级辐射场特征及近地面连接过程分析.高原气象, 1998, 17(1):44-54. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX801.004.htm
[15]	Ishii M, Hojo J I.Statistics on fine structure of cloud-to-ground lightning field waveform.Journal of Geophysical Research, 1989, 94:13267-13274. doi: 10.1029/JD094iD11p13267
[16]	Cooray V, Lundquist s.On the characteristics of some radia tion fields from lightning and their possible origin in positive ground flashes.Journal of Geophysical Research, 1982, 87:11203-11214. doi: 10.1029/JC087iC13p11203
[17]	张翠华, 张义军, 张广庶, 王才伟.地闪连续电流特征的统计分析.高原气象, 2000, 19(3):371-378. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX200003011.htm
[18]	Krehbiel P R, Brook M, McCrory R A.An analysis of the charge structure of lightning discharges to ground.Journal of Geophysical Research, 1979, 84:2432-2456. doi: 10.1029/JC084iC05p02432