The Structure and Origin of a Rainstorm-inducing Mesoscale Convective System on Western Coast of Bohai Bay

Yi Xiaoyuan; Li Zechun; Sun Xiaolei; Liu Yiwei; Sun Mina; Zhu Leilei

Vol.22, NO.1, 2011

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2011 > 22(1): 23-34

Yi Xiaoyuan, Li Zechun, Sun Xiaolei, et al. The structure and origin of a rainstorm-inducing mesoscale convective system on western coast of Bohai Bay. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(1): 23-34.

Citation:

Yi Xiaoyuan, Li Zechun, Sun Xiaolei, et al. The structure and origin of a rainstorm-inducing mesoscale convective system on western coast of Bohai Bay. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(1): 23-34.

Yi Xiaoyuan, Li Zechun, Sun Xiaolei, et al. The structure and origin of a rainstorm-inducing mesoscale convective system on western coast of Bohai Bay. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(1): 23-34.

Citation:

Yi Xiaoyuan, Li Zechun, Sun Xiaolei, et al. The structure and origin of a rainstorm-inducing mesoscale convective system on western coast of Bohai Bay. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(1): 23-34.

PDF( 5310 KB)

The Structure and Origin of a Rainstorm-inducing Mesoscale Convective System on Western Coast of Bohai Bay

1.
Tianjin Meteorological Observatory, Tianjin 300074
2.
School of Atmospheric Sciences, NUIST, Nanjing 210044
3.
National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081

Received Date: 2010-03-29
Rev Recd Date: 2010-11-25
Publish Date: 2011-02-28

Abstract

Abstract

Black day phenomenon and sudden hard rain occur in Tianjin on 16 June 2009. Based on several monitoring data such as FY-2 satellites data, multi-radar composite and intensive automatic stations data, combing with VDRAS data, the origins of black day and the rainstorm are analyzed. The thermal and dynamical structure which leads to the occurrence and development of meso-β-scale, meso-γ-scale convective systems in circular meso-α-scale convective system are also studied. 31 circle-shape MCSs which lead to severe weather on western coast of Bohai Bay in 2004—2009 are preliminarily sorted and summed up in size and life-circle.Less than 16% circular MαCS on the western coast of Bohai Bay develop into MCC with no more than 15×10⁴ km² large (where the TBB is equal to or below-52 ℃). The MCCs generally last no more than 8 hours and always happen in night. But in the South China, it's common to see MCC larger than 20×10⁴ km² which last more than 10 hours."6.16" MαCS has special characteristics in range, time of occurrence and precipitation echoes on the thickness, which are the main causes for black day phenomenon. New MβCS and MγCS develop constantly in the west of MαCS move eastward into the high-energy region with warm-moisture intensively and maintain, leading to rainstorm in Tianjin.Cold air intrudes into MαCS from its back at the height of 1.3—2.4 km, flows out from rain echoes convergence line or close-gradually line, and triggers the development of MβCS with southwestern warm-moisture flow.In the ascending center of MαCS, the vertical velocity is 0.7 Pa·s^-1 at height of 500 hPa. Below the height of 700 hPa (about 3 km), ascending vertical velocity reaches 1.8 m·s^-1, and each of MβCS1—3 has independent vertical circle. Under the height of 1 km, there is corresponding boundary layer circulation for MβCS1—3. With evolution of MβCS1—3, cold pool (the areas of negative perturbation temperature) appears under the height of 2 km and the area of positive perturbation temperature appears above it, so the vertical structure is stable.
- black-day and hard rain;
- mesoscale convective systems;
- VDRAS data

FullText(HTML)

References(22)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Time-height cross section of radar reflectivity (shaded area) and the precipitaion (solid line) in Tianjin from 13:00 to 20:00 on 16 June 2009

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 2009年6月16日08：00天气形势

(a) 850 hPa高度场 (实线, 单位:dagpm)、风场和水汽通量 (虚线, 单位:10⁶ g·cm^-2·hPa^-1), (b) 1000 hPa高度场 (实线, 单位:dagpm)、风场和水汽通量 (虚线, 单位:10⁶ g·cm^-2·hPa^-1), (c) 500 hPa高度场 (实线, 单位:dagpm)、700 hPa风场和850 hPa假相当位温 (虚线, 单位:℃)

Fig. 2 Weather charts at 08:00 16 June 2009

with 850 hPa (a), 1000 hPa (b) height (solid line, unit: dagpm), wind field and water flux (dashed line, unit: 10⁶ g·cm^-2·hPa^-1), and 500 hPa height (solid line, unit: dagpm), 700 hPa wind field, 850 hPa potential pseudo-equivalent temperature (dashed line, unit: ℃)(c)

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 3 Evolution of A_C/A_S and A_SSC/A_SC in MαCS from 11:00 to 17:30 on 16 June 2009

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 2009年6月16日FY-2C卫星资料T_BB≤-52℃范围 (实线，单位：℃) 和同时刻组合反射率因子 (阴影) 叠加图

(a)12:00, (b)13:00, (c)14:00, (d)15:00, (e)16:00, (f)17:00, (g) 沿图 4b中AB直线所作的剖面

Fig. 4 Composed radar reflectivity (shaded area) and FY-2C satellite T_BB≤-52℃(solid line, unit:℃) on 16 June 2009 (a)12:00, (b)13:00, (c)14:00, (d)15:00, (e)16:00, (f)17:00, (g) cross section of radar reflectivity along line AB in Fig. 4b

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 5 At different height, perturb temperature (shaded area), horizontal wind field (vector) and vertical velocity (shaded area) by VDRAS at 14:29 16 June 2009

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 6 Wind field (vector) and perturb temperature field (shaded area) at different height and different time

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 7 Vertical velocity in cross section along 117°E at 14:00 (unit: Pa·s^-1, "━" is position of MαCS)(a), vertical velocity cycle in cross section (unit:m·s^-1) along line AB in Fig. 4b at 14:29 (b) and its vertical circulation with perturb temperature (shaded area, unit:℃) at 14:29 (c) on 16 June 2009

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Table 1 Features of circular MαCS (the area of cloud top with T_BB≤-52℃ is more than 5×10⁴ km²) during 2004—2009 on western coast of Bohai Bay

出现时间	T_BB≤-62℃的面积/10⁴ km²	T_BB≤-52℃的面积/10⁴ km²	云顶最低T_BB/℃	维持时间/h
2005-06-23T17：00	7.15	12.45	-71	6
2005-07-13T23：00	0.92	6.89	-68	4
2005-08-16T17：00	0.97	6.83	-76	4
2006-06-27T22：00	1.99	13.51	-67	8
2007-06-25T22：00	4.66	7.42	-74	6
2007-07-18T08：00	5.27	14.56	-80	6
2007-07-31T00：00	7.44	14.4	-72	7
2008-06-25T22：00	2.10	8.35	-71	5
2009-06-16T12：00	2.98	10.45	-67	4
2009-07-22T21：00	0.72	6.03	-64	2
注：2005-05-31过程达到标准，但T_BB资料缺失；2007-07-18和2009-06-16过程中由圆型变形后继续强烈发展。

DownLoad: Download CSV

References

[1]	方宗义, 项续康, 方翔, 等. 2003年7月3日梅雨锋切变线上的β-中尺度暴雨云团分析.应用气象学报, 2005, 16(5):569-575. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20050573&flag=1
[2]	方宗义, 覃丹宇.暴雨云团的卫星监测和研究进展.应用气象学报, 2006, 17(5):583-593. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=200605100&flag=1
[3]	王建捷, 陶诗言.1998年梅雨锋的结构特征及形成于维持.应用气象学报, 2002, 13(5):526-534. http://cpfd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CPFDTOTAL-ZGQX200400002251.htm
[4]	Maddox R A. Mesoscale convective complexes. Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 1980, 61(11):1374-1387. doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1980)061<1374:MCC>2.0.CO;2
[5]	陶祖钰, 王洪庆, 王旭, 等.1995年中国的中尺度对流系统.气象学报, 1998, 56(2):166-177. doi: 10.11676/qxxb1998.016
[6]	郑永光, 陈炯, 朱佩君.中国及周边地区夏季中尺度对流系统分布及其日变化特征.科学通报, 2008, 53(4):471-481. http://cpfd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CPFDTOTAL-BJQX200811001002.htm
[7]	Anderson C J, Arritt R W. Mesoscale convective complexes and persistent elongated convective systems over the United States during 1992 and 1993. Mon Wea Rev, 1998, 126(3):578-599. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<0578:MCCAPE>2.0.CO;2
[8]	McAnelly R L, Cotton W R. Meso-β-scale characteristics of an episode of meso-α-scale convective complexes. Mon Wea Rev, 1986, 114:1740-1770. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<1740:MSCOAE>2.0.CO;2
[9]	Blanchard D O.Meso-scale convective patterns of the Southern High Plain. Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 1990, 71(7):994-1005. doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1990)071<0994:MCPOTS>2.0.CO;2
[10]	薛秋芳, 丁一汇, 王建中.一次强降水系统的演变和西结构分析.应用气象学报, 1995, 6(1):56-61. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYQX501.007.htm
[11]	江吉喜, 项续康."96.8"河北特大暴雨成因的中尺度分析.应用气象学报, 1998, 9(3):304-313. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=19980344&flag=1
[12]	朱官忠, 刘恭淑.华北南部产生中尺度对流复合体的环境条件分析.应用气象学报, 1998, 9(4):441-448. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=19980465&flag=1
[13]	王建捷, 李泽椿.1998年一次梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统的模拟与诊断分析.气象学报, 2002, 60(2): 147-156. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXB200202002.htm
[14]	吴庆丽, 陈敏, 王庆红, 等.暴雨雨团中β尺度流畅结构的数值模拟.科学通报, 2002, 47(18):1437-1440. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.2002.18.017
[15]	陈敏, 郑永光, 王庆红, 等.一次强降水过程的中尺度对流系统模拟研究.气象学报, 2005, 63(3):313-324. doi: 10.11676/qxxb2005.031
[16]	McAnelly R L, Nachamkin J E, Cotton W R. Upscale evolution of MCSs: Doppler radar analysis and analytical investigation. Mon Wea Rev, 1997, 125: 1083-1110. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<1083:UEOMDR>2.0.CO;2
[17]	Forbes G S, Wakimoto R M.A concentrated outbreak of tornadoes, downbursts and micro-bursts, and implications regarding vortex classification. Mon Wea Rev, 1983, 111:220-244. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1983)111<0220:ACOOTD>2.0.CO;2
[18]	姚学祥.中尺度对流复合体的动力诊断与数值模拟研究.南京:南京信息工程大学, 2004.
[19]	陈明轩, 高峰, 孔荣, 等.自动林及预报系统及其在北京奥运期间的应用.应用气象学报, 2010, 21(4):395-404. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20100402&flag=1
[20]	易笑园, 李泽椿, 朱磊磊, 等.长生命史冷涡背景下持续强对流天气的环境条件.气象, 2010, 35(1):17-25. doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2010.01.003
[21]	吕艳彬, 郑永光, 李亚萍, 等.华北平原中尺度对流复合体发生的环境和条件.应用气象学报, 2002, 13(4): 406-412. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20020455&flag=1
[22]	Sun J, Zhang Y. Assimilation of multiple WSR-88D radar observation and prediction of a squall line observed during IHOP. Mon Wea Rev, 2008, 136(7):2364-2388. doi: 10.1175/2007MWR2205.1