Establishment and Application of Random Lightning Leader Model

Ren Xiaoyu; Zhang Yijun; Lü Weitao; Tao Shanchang

Vol.22, NO.2, 2011

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2011 > 22(2): 194-202

Ren Xiaoyu, Zhang Yijun, Lü Weitao, et al. Establishment and application of random lightning leader model. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(2): 194-202.

Citation:

Ren Xiaoyu, Zhang Yijun, Lü Weitao, et al. Establishment and application of random lightning leader model. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(2): 194-202.

Ren Xiaoyu, Zhang Yijun, Lü Weitao, et al. Establishment and application of random lightning leader model. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(2): 194-202.

Citation:

Ren Xiaoyu, Zhang Yijun, Lü Weitao, et al. Establishment and application of random lightning leader model. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(2): 194-202.

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Establishment and Application of Random Lightning Leader Model

1.
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
2.
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026

Received Date: 2010-05-20
Rev Recd Date: 2010-11-24
Publish Date: 2011-04-30

Abstract

Abstract

Lightning occurred in the atmosphere is a kind of long-distance discharge phenomenon, and it often causes a variety of disasters which become more serious by the extensive use of electronic devices particularly. With deep understanding on physical processes of lightning occurrence and development, lightning leader model is established based on observational facts to study development of lightning leader and its interaction with structures and provide reference for lightning protection. According to characteristics of CG lightning, a model of random lightning leader is established. The connection process of lightening leader is simulated. The model of lightning leader is developed by simulating ambient potential distribution using an over relaxation method. In the model, the direction of next leader step depends on the probability, and final connection location of downward leader is chosen randomly by the probability formula.The induced charge of downward leader increases with the propagation of downward leader. Simulation results of a random model show that the induced charge of downward leader is about 10^-4 C/m. With the development of the downward leader, the branch of downward leader increases. There are diversiform forms in connection process. Downward leader can connect with structure or ground which do not produce upward leader besides upward leader. Downward leader can connect with one of the upward leaders on the ground, and even connect with the ground which does not produce upward leader. Downward leader does not always connect with the tip of upward leader, and it can connect with one branch or middle of the upward leader. Lightning rod may do not produce upward leader and the downward leader above doesn't always connect with the lightning rod, sometimes it connects with structure and ground. The downward leader far away from lightning rod can also connect with the lightning rod. In most conditions, lightning rod can protect the structure from lightning. With fixed distances from downward leader and lightning rod, wider and lower structure is less likely protected by lightning rod.These simulation results are achieved with two-dimensional random lightning leader model within the range of limited space. More simulation and analysis are needed for three-dimensional random lightning leader model within larger spatial extent to find out the behavior characteristics of lightning rod and investigate the protection of lightning rod to buildings. A large number of natural lightning and triggered lightning observations are also needed to further check the reasonableness of the simulation results.
- leader;
- connection process;
- random discharge model

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References(28)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Schematic of leader propagation

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Fig. 2 Simulation results for one simulation

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Fig. 3 Simulation results of induced charge of downward leader

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Fig. 4 Simulation results of 16 different conditions of 2D random lightning leader model

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Fig. 5 High-speed video recording of CG lightning at 19:08:04 24 August 2009 in Guangzhou

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Table 1 Description of 16 simulation results of 2D random lightning leader model

序号	产生上行先导的位置				下行先导的连接位置
序号	避雷针	建筑表面	地面	避雷针产生的上行先导	建筑表面产生的上行先导	地面产生的上行先导	地面	建筑表面
情况1	√			√
情况2			√			√
情况3	√		√	√
情况4	√		√			√
情况5	√		√				√
情况6	√	√		√
情况7	√	√			√
情况8	√	√						√
情况9		√	√		√
情况10		√	√			√
情况11		√	√				√
情况12	√	√	√	√
情况13	√	√	√		√
情况14	√	√	√			√
情况15	√	√	√				√
情况16	√	√	√					√

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Table 2 Numbers of 16 simulation results of 2D random lightning leader model

下行先导与避雷针水平距离/m	建筑尺寸 (宽×高)	情况 1	情况 2	情况 3	情况 4	情况 5	情况 6	情况 7	情况 8	情况 9	情况 10	情况 11	情况 12	情况 13	情况 14	情况 15	情况 16
0	40 m×30 m	76	0	17	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	1	1
	40 m×60 m	90	0	3	2	1	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
	80 m×30 m	65	0	8	8	1	8	0	0	0	0	0	5	2	2	0	1
50	40 m×30 m	76	0	12	7	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1
	40 m×60 m	92	0	3	3	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
	80 m×30 m	68	0	12	6	2	6	0	1	0	0	0	3	0	1	0	1
100	40 m×30 m	81	0	11	3	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	0
	40 m×60 m	97	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	80 m×30 m	69	0	10	5	3	6	0	0	0	0	0	5	1	1	0	0
150	40 m×30 m	73	0	21	3	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	40 m×60 m	90	0	7	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
	80 m×30 m	73	0	10	6	0	4	0	0	1	1	1	2	2	0	0	0
200	40 m×30 m	68	0	22	7	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
	40 m×60 m	91	0	4	3	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
	80 m×30 m	62	0	15	3	3	6	1	1	0	2	0	5	1	1	0	0
250	40 m×30 m	56	2	25	13	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0
	40 m×60 m	75	0	14	7	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1
	80 m×30 m	46	1	14	11	1	4	1	0	2	7	0	8	3	2	0	0
总计		1348	3	211	89	20	43	4	2	3	10	1	33	14	12	2	5

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Table 3 Numbers of three type simulation results of 2D random lightning leader model

下行先导与避雷针水平距离/m	建筑尺寸 (宽×高)	类型一 (连接位置：避雷针产生的上行先导)	类型二 (连接位置：建筑或建筑产生的上行先导)	类型三 (连接位置：地面或地面产生的上行先导)
0	40 m×30 m	93	3	4
	40 m×60 m	95	2	3
	80 m×30 m	86	3	11
50	40 m×30 m	90	1	9
	40 m×60 m	96	1	3
	80 m×30 m	89	2	9
100	40 m×30 m	93	1	6
	40 m×60 m	100	0	0
	80 m×30 m	90	1	9
150	40 m×30 m	95	0	5
	40 m×60 m	99	1	0
	80 m×30 m	89	3	8
200	40 m×30 m	90	0	10
	40 m×60 m	97	0	3
	80 m×30 m	88	3	9
250	40 m×30 m	82	0	18
	40 m×60 m	91	1	8
	80 m×30 m	82	6	22
总计		1645	28	137

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