You Ran, Lu Naimeng, Qiu Hong, et al. Precipitation characteristics in tropical cyclone Katrina using TRMM precipitation radar. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(2): 203-213.
Citation: You Ran, Lu Naimeng, Qiu Hong, et al. Precipitation characteristics in tropical cyclone Katrina using TRMM precipitation radar. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(2): 203-213.

Precipitation Characteristics in Tropical Cyclone Katrina Using TRMM Precipitation Radar

  • Received Date: 2010-03-03
  • Rev Recd Date: 2010-11-03
  • Publish Date: 2011-04-30
  • Tropical cyclone is a primary disastrous synoptic system in China. Its monitoring mainly depends on optical data, i.e., visible and infrared data. These sensors observe the albedo and temperature of cloud top which is somewhat related with the precipitation, but leave the precipitation particles inside the precipitation-cloud system unseen. Fortunately, the microwave sensor can penetrate into the cloud and sense precipitation particles in and even below the cloud system, and observe precipitation more directly.Based on TRMM PR (Precipitation Radar) product, 6 orbit data in four days covering the main part of the cyclone are analyzed to study the characteristics of near-surface precipitation and vertical precipitation profile of stratiform and convective cloud in nascent, developing, and recessionary stages of the cyclone Katrina. Results indicate that the convective rain percent is 15%—22% and stratiform rain occupies 78%—85%. The average stratiform rain rate is 2.7—5.9 mm·h-1, the convective rain rate is 7.7—17.5 mm·h-1, and the total rain rate is 3.5—7.7 mm·h-1. During the life cycle of the cyclone, the pixel number with convective rain is one fourth of stratiform one's, while the average intensity/rain rate of convective rain is four times of stratiform rain. The average rain rates of convective and stratiform precipitation gets larger along with the developing of cyclone, gets a little weaker just before landing, and enhances after landing except that stratiform rain become a little weaker.During nascent stage, weak precipitation of 1—2 mm·h-1 is dominant, and there are no pixels with rain rate larger than 31 mm·h-1. During developing stages, the rain rate intensifies. More rain pixels appear, some with very high rain intensity. After landing, because of the strong friction effects with land surface, the proportion of pixels with rain rate between 5—10 mm·h-1 increases, and the pixel number with rain is almost doubled except the ones between 30—50 mm·h-1 becoming a little less.During the nascent and recessionary stages, the max precipitation height is 10 km. During the developing stages, it reaches as high as 16 km. Most precipitation profiles vary first larger (to 4 km) then smaller with height, and reach minimum at 6—7 km because of the freezing level. The profiles of nascent and recessionary stages diminish equably with height. The profiles of developing stages vary very uneven with height because of the violent upwelling airflow in cyclone. The analyses on TRMM data provide a perception to precipitation type, horizontal distribution, and intensity of data-sparse oceanic tropical cyclone where conventional radiosonde measurements are not available. These results are useful information for future quantificational precipitation retrieval of cyclone.
  • Fig. 1  TRMM/TMI brightness temperature images at 85 GHz channel

    (a) descending orbit on 25 Aug 2005, (b) descending orbit on 27 Aug 2005, (c) ascending orbit on 27 Aug 2005, (d) descending orbit on 28 Aug 2005, (e) descending orbit on 29 Aug 2005, (f) ascending orbit on 29 Aug 2005

    Fig. 2  TRMM/PR 2-kilometer rain intensity images (2A25 product)

    (a) descending orbit on 25 Aug 2005, (b) descending orbit on 27 Aug 2005, (c) ascending orbit on 27 Aug 2005, (d) descending orbit on 28 Aug 2005, (e) descending orbit on 29 Aug 2005, (f) ascending orbit on 29 Aug 2005

    Fig. 3  TRMM/PR 2-kilometer rain intensity histogram (a) rain intensity histogram during 25—29 Aug 2005, (b) rain rate histogram in three developing stages of tropical cyclone

    Fig. 4  TRMM/PR 2-kilometer rain intensity normalized histograms in three developing stages of tropical cyclone

    Fig. 5  TRMM/PR 2-kilometer rain intensity histograms in three stages of the tropical cyclone

    Fig. 6  Averaged vertical rain intensity profiles of stratiform rain based on the TRMM/PR rain profile product in Aug 2005

    Fig. 7  Averaged vertical rain intensity profiles of convective rain based on the TRMM/PR rain profile product in Aug 2005

    Fig. 8  TRMM/PR retrieved pixels number with rain fall in Aug 2005

    Fig. 9  TRMM/PR retrieved averaged precipitation vertical profiles in developing stages of the tropical cyclone

    Table  1  Features of stratiform and convective rainfall over the area impacted by tropical cyclone Katriana in 2005

    参数 08-25降轨 08-27降轨 08-27升轨 08-28降轨 08-29降轨 08-29升轨
    PnStr/% 84.42 81.04 77.85 84.47 84.85 81.16
    PnCov/% 15.58 18.96 22.15 15.53 15.15 18.84
    PiStr/% 65.34 53.21 45.71 64.54 65.76 52.64
    PiCov/% 34.66 46.79 54.29 35.46 34.24 47.36
    IStrAvg/(mm·h-1) 2.67 2.67 3.16 5.86 4.97 4.58
    ICovAvg/(mm·h-1) 7.68 10.04 13.2 17.49 14.49 17.74
    IAvgAll/(mm·h-1) 3.45 4.07 5.39 7.66 6.42 7.06
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    • Received : 2010-03-03
    • Accepted : 2010-11-03
    • Published : 2011-04-30

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