Vol.22, NO.6, 2011
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2011  >  22(6): 641-653
Liao Rongwei, Zhao Ping. Interannual and interdecadal variations of winter water budgets in the East Asian monsoon humid region. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(6): 641-653.
Citation: Liao Rongwei, Zhao Ping. Interannual and interdecadal variations of winter water budgets in the East Asian monsoon humid region. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(6): 641-653.
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Interannual and Interdecadal Variations of Winter Water Budgets in the East Asian Monsoon Humid Region

  • 1.

    National Meteorological Information Center, Beijing 100081

  • 2.

    Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

  • 3.

    Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

  • Received Date: 2010-11-10
  • Rev Recd Date: 2011-09-15
  • Publish Date: 2011-12-31
    Abstract
  • Using monthly means of NCAR/NCEP reanalysis datasets and rainfall data from 160 surface stations in China, a water budgets sequence over the East Asian Monsoon Humid Region is calculated by a water vapor transport method for the period from 1958 to 2007, referring to changes in water budgets associated with the anomalous atmospheric circulations and precipitation in the East Asia Monsoon Humid Region. Relationships between the water budget index and the variability of the atmospheric circulation and rainfall in China are examined. Results show that the established water budgets sequence displays the variability on the interannual and interdecadal scales. The higher-index values mainly occur in the 1960s and the 1980s and the low-index values mainly occur in the 1970s and the 1990s. The index reflects the variations of the meridional winds anomalies and indicates an intensity of winter monsoon and an anomaly of rainfall along the valleys in the East Asian Monsoon Humid Region. Corresponding to the higher-index values, the high pressure centering in Mongolia and the low pressure centering in the Aleutian Islands are weaker. Meanwhile, the southerly wind anomalies are prevailing in the lower troposphere in the East Asia and cyclonic circulation anomaly appears in the vertical troposphere over the mainland of China. This anomaly intensifies the convergence and upward motion to the south area of 30°N, driving the warm water vapor transport coming from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea, and increases the water budgets and precipitation, with the difference of rainfall above 40 mm. The anomalous water vapor transport mainly appears between 600 hPa and 900 hPa, where the western and southern boundaries are the major input regions, the eastern and northern boundaries are the major output regions. The anomalous water budget is larger in meridional than in zonal direction, accounting for 91.3% for the changes of net incoming and expenditure while the anomalous zonal water budget is smaller. So the main cause for the difference and significant anomaly for rainfall is the changes of the incoming and expenditure water budgets in meridional. The differences for water budgets and rainfall in north and south parts are significantly different, which contribute greatly to the changes of zonal income and expenditure. The inter-decadal variability of water budgets reflects the strength of the water vapor transport and the amount of water vapor from the ocean, and also indicates an anomaly of the interdecadal rainfall variation in the East Asian Monsoon Humid Region with a rainfall anomaly above 30 mm.
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    References(38)

  • Fig. 1  The East Asian Monsoon Humid Region

    (22°—41°N, 105°—110°E, 110°—120°E)

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    Fig. 2  The normalized temporal change of the water budgets in the East Asian Monsoon Humid Region during winter from 1958 to 2007

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 3  Difference in composites for winter water vapor transport and divergence between the high and low years in the East Asian Monsoon Humid Region (the shaded represents passing the test of 90% level) (a) water vapor transport, (b) water vapor transport divergence (unit: mm·d-1)

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    Fig. 4  The correlation coefficient of winter water budgets and surface pressure in the East Asian Monsoon Humid Region (a), the high anomalies (b) and the low anomalies (c) of surface pressure (isoline, unit: hPa) and surface wind (vector) distributions

    (the grey area represents passing the test of 90% level, the thick dashed line represents the height of 1500 m)

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    Fig. 5  Difference in composites for winter wind at 100 hPa between the high and low years (a), divergence at 100 hPa (unit: 107s-1)(b), geopotential height at 500 hPa (unit: gpm)(c) and winter wind at 850 hPa (d)

    (the grey area represents passing the test of 90% level; the black area represents terrain)

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    Fig. 6  Difference in composites for winter water vapor transport divergence at 850 hPa between the high and low years (unit:10-5 kg·m-2·s-1)(a) and pseudo-equivalent temperature (unit: K), 22°—30°N average vertical velocity (unit: 10-2 Pa·s-1)(c) and pseudo-equivalent temperature (unit: K)(d), 110°—120°E average vertical velocity (unit:10-2 Pa·s-1)(e) and pseudo-equivalent temperature (unit: K)(f)

    (the grey area represents passing the test of 90% level; the black area represents terrain)

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    Fig. 7  Difference in composites for the vertical distribution of winter water vapor transport in the border between the high and low years in the East Asian Monsoon Humid Region (unit: kg·m-1·s-1)

    (the grey area represents passing the test of 90% level; the black area represents terrain)

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    Fig. 8  Difference in composites for winter precipitation between the high and low years (unit: mm)(a), the standard deviation of precipitation (unit: mm)(b), the correlation coefficient of precipitation and water vapor transport divergence (c) in the East Asian Monsoon Humid Region during winter from1958 to 2007

    (the grey area represents passing the test of 90% level)

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    Fig. 9  The decade difference in composites for winter water vapor transport (a) and precipitation (unit:mm)(b) between the periods of 1986—1992 and 1973—1981 in the East Asian Monsoon Humid Region

    (the grey area represents passing the test of 90% level)

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    Fig. 10  The winter normalized temporal change of the water budgets (a) and the correlation coefficient of water vapor transport divergence and water budgets in north (b), south (c) parts of the East Asian Monsoon Humid Region during winter from 1958 to 2007

    (the grey area represents passing the test of 90% level)

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    Table  1  The water budgets and precipitation between high and low years in the East Asian Monsoon Humid Region

    距平 高值年 低值年 差值
    经向水汽收支/(104m3·s-1) 2.15 -2.68 4.83
    纬向水汽收支/(104m3·s-1) 0.44 -0.02 0.46
    水汽净收支/(104m3·s-1) 2.59 -2.70 5.29
    降水量/mm 7.3 -8.1 15.4
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    Table  2  The climatological mean of water budgets and precipitation in north and south parts of the East Asian Monsoon Humid Region

    区域 纬向水汽收支/(104m3·s-1) 经向水汽收支/(104m3·s-1) 区域水汽收支/(104m3·s-1) 降水量/mm
    北部区域 -3.72 1.65 -2.07 20.6
    南部区域 4.42 -1.58 2.84 53.2
    DownLoad: Download CSV
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    • Received : 2010-11-10
    • Accepted : 2011-09-15
    • Published : 2011-12-31
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