Vol.22, NO.6, 2011
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2011  >  22(6): 698-705
Zhao Haiyan, Gao Ge, Zhang Peiqun, et al. The modification of meteorological drought composite index and its application in Southwest China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(6): 698-705.
Citation: Zhao Haiyan, Gao Ge, Zhang Peiqun, et al. The modification of meteorological drought composite index and its application in Southwest China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(6): 698-705.
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The Modification of Meteorological Drought Composite Index and Its Application in Southwest China

  • 1.

    Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029

  • 2.

    Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

  • 3.

    National Climate Center, Beijing 100081

  • Received Date: 2011-02-25
  • Rev Recd Date: 2011-06-22
  • Publish Date: 2011-12-31
    Abstract
  • The meteorological drought composite index (IC) is recommended as an effective operational drought monitoring index from National Standard and has been applied by National Climate Center to monitor drought conditions across the whole country in recent years. However, uncontinurous enhancement of drought is frequently observed in the development of drought process at many stations, where uncontinurous enhancement of drought means that daily change is greater than or equal to one drought degree (-0.6) and the IC value is equal to or less than 0.6 a day before. In order to optimize IC, modified standard precipitation index (Z65) by weighted average precipitation (WAP) is introduced. Due to different weighted coefficients of daily precipitation, modified IC(ICW) can decrease uncontinurous enhancement of drought to the most extent. Taking Southwest China as an example, daily IC and ICW(modified IC) from 1 January 1961 to 10 May 2010 is calculated, and the differences between IC and ICW in frequency of every drought degree and monthly variability of drought frequency are analyzed. Since formula and value range of ICW are both similar to IC, the same drought degree is adopted. It indicates that there is no significant difference between ICW and IC in frequency of drought. Moreover, the annual intensity of drought from 1961 to 2009 is also analyzed. The results indicate ICW is also similar to IC very much and there is no significant trend of annual intensity. Furthermore, as stable index of drought, uncontinurous enhancement of drought of IC and ICW are counted. It shows that ICW has less uncontinurous enhancement of drought than IC at all four stations, so ICW has improved the stability of drought according to different weighted coefficients of daily precipitation. Take soil moisture observed on 8, 18 and 28 as representative, the correlation between IC, ICW and soil moisture is analyzed from January 1993 to May 2010. The results show that ICW has greater correlation coefficients with soil moisture of 10 cm at all stations than IC, and ICW has greater correlation coefficients with soil moisture of 20 cm at three stations than IC, showing that ICW is more consistent with soil moisture.Above all, the analysis shows that ICW is close to the characteristics of actual drought and suitable for daily drought monitoring in Southwest China. However, there is still some uncontinurous enhancement of drought existing in ICW due to great uncontinuous change of M30.
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    References(19)

  • Fig. 1  Frequencies of different flood and drought categories and monthly variation based on daily ICW and IC at Luliang of Yunnan from 1961 to 2009

    (a) frequencies of different flood and drought categories, (b) monthly frequencies of drought

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    Fig. 2  Annual drought intensity at Luliang of Yunnan from 1961 to 2009

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    Fig. 3  Daily evolution of ICW and IC at Baise of Guangxi from 18 Jan 2010 to 26 Feb 2010

    (a)IC, ICW and precipitation, (b)Z30, Z90, Z65and M30

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    Fig. 4  Daily evolution of IC, ICW and precipitation ahead of 30 days in Southwest China

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    Table  1  Daily precipitation weights of recent 65 days

    相距日数 权重
    0 0.100
    1 0.090
    2 0.081
    3 0.073
    4 0.066
    5 0.059
    6 0.053
    7 0.048
    14 0.023
    30 0.004
    43 0.001
    65 0.0001
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    Table  2  ICW categories based on ICW values

    等级 类型 ICW范围
    1 无旱 -0.6＜ICW
    2 轻旱 -1.2＜ICW≤-0.6
    3 中旱 -1.8＜ICW≤-1.2
    4 重旱 -2.4＜ICW≤-1.8
    5 特旱 ICW≤-2.4
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    Table  3  Ranking of annual drought intensity at Luliang of Yunnan from 1961 to 2009

    年份 ICW IC
    1961 41 40
    1962 24 30
    1963 1 1
    1964 36 39
    1965 42 37
    1966 7 7
    1967 27 15
    1968 47 49
    1969 2 2
    1970 39 31
    1971 48 46
    1972 25 24
    1973 38 41
    1974 9 14
    1975 26 25
    1976 35 43
    1977 19 11
    1978 14 21
    1979 8 6
    1980 21 20
    1981 49 45
    1982 16 17
    1983 34 32
    1984 11 13
    1985 43 23
    1986 33 33
    1987 17 18
    1988 6 10
    1989 32 19
    1990 22 35
    1991 46 47
    1992 4 3
    1993 15 16
    1994 37 38
    1995 31 27
    1996 12 8
    1997 20 42
    1998 45 36
    1999 23 34
    2000 44 48
    2001 3 4
    2002 40 44
    2003 10 12
    2004 30 28
    2005 28 9
    2006 13 26
    2007 18 29
    2008 29 22
    2009 5 5
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    Table  4  Uncontinuous enhancement of drought during the development process of the drought from Jan 1961 to the first ten days of May 2010

    地点 日变化加重达1个等级 日变化加重达2个等级
    ICW IC ICW IC
    云南陆良 58 134 1 12
    四川西昌 53 208 0 17
    贵州六盘水 89 198 10 26
    广西百色 40 150 0 8
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    Table  5  Correlation coefficients between soil moisture of 10 cm, 20 cm and IC, ICW from Jan 1993 to the first ten days of May 2010

    土壤湿度 云南陆良 四川西昌 贵州六盘水 广西百色
    IC ICW IC ICW IC ICW IC ICW
    10 cm 0.516 0.526 0.668 0.732 0.368 0.404 0.331 0.456
    20 cm 0.454 0.442 0.640 0.684 0.392 0.404 0.484 0.553
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    • Received : 2011-02-25
    • Accepted : 2011-06-22
    • Published : 2011-12-31
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