Spatial and Temporal Variations of Hazes in Guangxi from 1960 to 2009

Liao Guolian; Zeng Peng; Zheng Fengqin; Wei Yujie

Vol.22, NO.6, 2011

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2011 > 22(6): 732-739

Liao Guolian, Zeng Peng, Zheng Fengqin, et al. Spatial and temporal variations of hazes in Guangxi from 1960 to 2009. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(6): 732-739.

Citation:

Liao Guolian, Zeng Peng, Zheng Fengqin, et al. Spatial and temporal variations of hazes in Guangxi from 1960 to 2009. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(6): 732-739.

Liao Guolian, Zeng Peng, Zheng Fengqin, et al. Spatial and temporal variations of hazes in Guangxi from 1960 to 2009. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(6): 732-739.

Citation:

Liao Guolian, Zeng Peng, Zheng Fengqin, et al. Spatial and temporal variations of hazes in Guangxi from 1960 to 2009. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(6): 732-739.

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Spatial and Temporal Variations of Hazes in Guangxi from 1960 to 2009

1.
Guangxi Meteorological Science and Technology Service Center, Nanning 530022
2.
Guangxi Meteorological Bureau, Nanning 530022

Received Date: 2010-11-24
Rev Recd Date: 2011-06-16
Publish Date: 2011-12-31

Abstract

Abstract

With the development of Guangxi economy and accelerating urbanization, human activities have discharged various pollutants into the atmosphere, which cause increasing atmospheric haze phenomenon in recent years. The toxic and harmful substances of hazes affect human health and environment a lot, becoming a new kind of severe weather. So it is very important to analyze the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of haze, which provide scientific bases for effective forecasting and controlling haze weather. Based on the data provided by 80 surface observation stations from 1960 to 2009, the haze days in Guangxi are calculated, and the characteristics of spatial-temporal variations of haze in Guangxi and its relationship with climate elements are analyzed by using EOF, linear trend estimation and other analytical methods. The average annual haze days in Guangxi are found to rise gradually over the past 50 years, which is closely related to the human activity and the increase in emissions by economic development. The haze happens more frequently in major cities and their surrounding areas than in remote areas and coastal areas. Comparing the periods of 1960—1979 and 1980—2009, and the remote areas and coastal areas, the haze days increase by different degrees in most parts of Guangxi, especially in Wuzhou, Liuzhou and other industrial cities. Haze in Guangxi occurs mainly in autumn and winter rather than in spring and summer, which may be the results of less precipitation. Compared to the 1960—1979 stage, the average monthly haze days increase significantly in 1980—2009 stage, especially in flood season. Haze days increase most significantly in December by 3.5 d, while in July increasing only 0.2 d. The average annual haze day in Guangxi over the past 50 years is 30.0 d, and the maximum is 61.7 d, which occurs in 2006. When haze weather occurs, the visibility distance mostly ranges from 5 km to 10 km, and the relative humidity mostly ranges from 70% to 90%. The change of haze days in Guangxi is proportional to temperature, and inversely proportional to wind. So, in addition to air pollution, the long-term decrease trend of wind speed in the last 50 years may have caused more hazy days.
- Guangxi;
- haze;
- EOF;
- linear trend estimation;
- spatial-temporal variation

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References(26)

Figures and Tables

图 1 广西年平均霾日数分布 (单位：d) (a)1960—1979年，(b)1980—2009年

Fig. 1 The distribution of average annual haze days in Guangxi (unit:d)

(a) from 1960 to 1979, (b) from 1980 to 2009

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Fig. 2 Average monthly haze days in Guangxi

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Fig. 3 Annual haze days in Guangxi during 1960—2009

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Fig. 4 The variation of GDP and energy consumption in Guangxi during 1980—2009

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Fig. 5 The variation of the volume of SO₂ and soot discharged in Guangxi during 1998—2009

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Fig. 6 The 1st (a), 2nd (b) modes of EOF and the 1st time coefficient (c) of the annual haze days in Guangxi

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Fig. 7 The distribution of visibility during a haze day in Guangxi

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Fig. 8 The distribution of relative humidity during a haze day in Guangxi

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Table 1 The variance contribution rates and cumulative variance contribution rates of the 1st to 3rd mode of EOF

模态	方差贡献率/%	累积方差贡献率/%
1	80.6	80.6
2	6.1	86.7
3	3.7	90.4

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Table 2 The statistic parameters of wind speed, temperature, precipitation and haze days in Guangxi

气象要素	气候趋势系数	气候倾向率	与霾日数的相关系数
霾日数	0.85^*	9.3 d/10 a	1.0
风速	-0.93^*	-0.12 m·s^-1/10 a	-0.83^*
气温	0.47^*	0.13℃/10 a	0.45^*
降水量	-0.03	-8.5 mm/10 a	-0.01
注：*表示通过了0.05的显著性检验。

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