Zhang Xiaoye, Zhang Yangmei, Cao Guoliang. Aerosol chemical compositions of Beijing PM1 and its control countermeasures. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2012, 23(3): 257-264.
Citation:
Zhang Xiaoye, Zhang Yangmei, Cao Guoliang. Aerosol chemical compositions of Beijing PM1 and its control countermeasures. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2012, 23(3): 257-264.
Zhang Xiaoye, Zhang Yangmei, Cao Guoliang. Aerosol chemical compositions of Beijing PM1 and its control countermeasures. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2012, 23(3): 257-264.
Citation:
Zhang Xiaoye, Zhang Yangmei, Cao Guoliang. Aerosol chemical compositions of Beijing PM1 and its control countermeasures. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2012, 23(3): 257-264.
The mass concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium products, organic matter and black carbon are measured at urban Beijing during summer, autumn of 2007 and winter, spring of 2008. Combining assessment of major chemical compositions in less than 10 micron particles with at least an entire year data from various rural and urban sites in 16 areas of the world, the concentration level of mineral aerosol in China, which is partially a result of sand and dust transported from desert areas and contributions from urban fugitive dust/fly ash sources, is found to be almost equivalent to or even higher than the sum of all kind of aerosols in urban Europe and North America, suggesting the control countermeasures for aerosol particle in diameter between 2.5 and 10 micron in China should not be neglected, especially when the country pays much attention to control the fine PM2.5 particles. In urban Beijing, the averaged concentrations of PM1 are around 94, 74, 66 μg·m-3 and 91 μg·m-3 for spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, with the annual mean of 81 μg·m-3. The relative contributions of organics, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium product are about 41%, 16%, 13% and 8%, respectively. The black carbon and chloride contribute Beijing PM1 about 11% and 3%, respectively. The fine mineral aerosol contributes about 7%. The key of control PM2.5 is to reduce the main emission species and their chemical transformation of PM1 particles, and the more important is to control the organic matter at Beijing, although Beijing's pollution control has been very difficult since 26 million people living there. To be scientifically, even if China's control countermeasures can achieve one hundred percent, it is also hard to reach the air quality level of Europe and North America, because of the higher background mineral aerosol level. The cost-effective control measures and new PM2.5 standard considering the health of Chinese need to be further investigated.
Fig.
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Bar chart plots summarizing the mass concentration of 6 major types of aerosol particles in diameter smaller than 10 μm with at least an entire year data from various rural and urban sites in 16 continental areas of the world[10]
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Figure 1. Bar chart plots summarizing the mass concentration of 6 major types of aerosol particles in diameter smaller than 10 μm with at least an entire year data from various rural and urban sites in 16 continental areas of the world[10]
Figure 2. Percentage of chemical species of PM1 in Beijing during 2007—2008
Figure 3. Relative contributions of various sources for primary OC emission in Beijing during 2008
Figure 4. Relative contributions of various sources for VOCs emission in Beijing during 2008
Figure 5. Relative contributions of various sources for BC emission in Beijing during 2008
Figure 6. Relative contributions of various sources for SO2 emission in Beijing during 2008
Figure 7. Relative contributions of various sources for NOx emission in Beijing during 2008
Figure 8. Relative contributions of various sources for NH3 emission in Beijing during 2008
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