Vol.23, NO.4, 2012
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2012  >  23(4): 402-413
Tang Jia, Wu Bingyi. Inter-decadal shift of East Asian summer monsoon in the early 1990s. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2012, 23(4): 402-413.
Citation: Tang Jia, Wu Bingyi. Inter-decadal shift of East Asian summer monsoon in the early 1990s. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2012, 23(4): 402-413.
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Inter-decadal Shift of East Asian Summer Monsoon in the Early 1990s

  • Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

  • Received Date: 2011-12-12
  • Rev Recd Date: 2012-06-01
  • Publish Date: 2012-08-31
    Abstract
  • Using JRA-25 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1979 to 2009, dominant modes of summer season (June—August) 850 hPa wind field variability over East Asia is revealed by means of the complex vector empirical orthogonal function method. The two reanalysis data are consistent with the description of the first East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) mode, whereas the first mode had been studied, showing that the first mode could not reflect the inter-decadal shift of Chinese summer precipitation in the early 1990s. Consequently, the inter-decadal shift feature of the second EASM mode is deeply analyzed, as well as its effect on summer precipitation in China. Moreover, the possible external forcing factors exerting effects on the inter-decadal shift of EASM are discussed.Results show that, EASM which is revealed by two sets of reanalysis data to have undergone one inter-decadal shift in the early 1990s. The inter-decadal shift time of EASM is consistent with the inter-decadal shift time of summer precipitation in China. EASM is closely related to the mid-high latitude atmospheric circulation anomalies. Corresponding anomalous 500 hPa geopotential height fields show an anomalous quasi-zonal teleconnection pattern in northern Eurasia, whereas the distribution of summer precipitation anomalies show a meridional dipole pattern. Accompanied by the inter-decadal shift of EASM, after the early 1990s, summer precipitation decreases in the majority of northern China, especially in north of the northeast and the area between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River in the vicinity of 105°E. While summer precipitation increases significantly in South China and the Huaihe River Basin. From the perspective of dynamic, the characteristics of inter-decadal shift of summer precipitation in China are described. The difference distribution of summer 500 hPa geopotential height fields between two periods (1993—2009 and 1979—1992) show northern Eurasian quasi-zonal teleconnection pattern, then the difference distribution of summer 850 hPa wind fields show the structure that there are two anomalous anti-cyclonic circulations in southeast of Lake Baikal and south of Japan, while there are two anomalous cyclonic circulations in southern China and Okhotsk Sea.The possible external forcing for the inter-decadal shift of EASM are various, including summer sea surface temperature (SST) in the northwestern Pacific, north Indian Ocean and the part of high latitude ocean (North Atlantic and North Pacific), as well as changes of spring Eurasia snow water equivalent in the early 1990s, inter-decadal shift of spring Arctic sea ice in the early 1990s, especially the high-latitude forcing factor. The role of these external forcing in inter-decadal shift of EASM is unclear and further study is essential.
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    References(42)

  • Fig. 1  Regression map of the summer mean 850 hPa wind (a) M21, (b) M22, (c) normalized time series of M21 and M22

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    Fig. 2  Regression of summer mean 500 hPa heights derived from a linear regression on M21(a) and M22(b)(unit: gpm)(the light and dark shaded areas denote that height anomalies are significant at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively)

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    Fig. 3  Regression of Chinese summer rainfall derived from a linear regression on M21(a) and M22(b)

    (blue contours denote summer rainfall anomalies significant at 0.05 level)

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    Fig. 4  7-year running means of the normalized time series of M21 and M22(a) and with J21 and J22(b) besides M-K statistic curve line of M21(c) and J21(d)

    (two thin solid lines denote 0.05 significant level)

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    Fig. 5  The difference distribution of summer (JJA) rainfalls in China between 1993—2009 and1979—1992 with t-test

    (blue contours denote summer rainfall anomalies significant at 0.05 level)

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    Fig. 6  The difference distribution of summer 850 hPa wind between the two periods (1993—2009 and 1979—1992) (shaded areas denote that meridional wind anomalies are significant at 0.05 level) with mean 500 hPa height (unit: gpm)(the light and dark shaded areas denote height anomalies are significant at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively) (a) the difference of wind derived from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, (b) the difference of wind derived from JRA-25 reanalysis data, (c) the difference of height derived from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, (d) the difference of height derived from JRA-25 reanalysis data

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    Fig. 7  The difference distribution of summer sea surface temperature between the two periods (1993—2009 and 1979—1992) with t-test (unit:℃)

    (light and dark shaded areas denote the summer sea surface temperature anomalies are significant at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively)

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    Fig. 8  The difference distribution of spring mean snow-water equivalent between the two periods (1993—2007 and 1979—1992)(a) and the t-test of the difference distribution of spring mean snow-water equivalent (b)(the red and blue areas denote positive and negative anomalies of spring mean snow-water equivalent are significant at 0.05 level)

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    Fig. 9  The difference distribution of Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) in spring and the distribution of EOF1 of spring SIC (a) the distribution of difference of spring Arctic SIC between the two periods

    (1993—2009 and 1979—1992)(red and blue areas denote that positive and negative anomalies of the spring Arctic SIC are significant at 0.05 level), (b) spatial distribution of EOF1, (c) M-K statistic line of EOF1 time series (two thin solid lines denote 0.05 significant level)

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    • Received : 2011-12-12
    • Accepted : 2012-06-01
    • Published : 2012-08-31
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