Comprehensive Observation Experiments and Application Study of Artificially Triggered Lightning During 2006—2011

Zhang Yijun; Yang Shaojie; Lü Weitao; Zheng Dong; Dong Wansheng; Li Bin; Chen Shaodong; Zhang Yang; Chen Lüwen

Vol.23, NO.5, 2012

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Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2012 > 23(5): 513-522

Zhang Yijun, Yang Shaojie, Lü Weitao, et al. Comprehensive observation experiments and application study of artificially triggered lightning during 2006—2011. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2012, 23(5): 513-522.

Citation:

Zhang Yijun, Yang Shaojie, Lü Weitao, et al. Comprehensive observation experiments and application study of artificially triggered lightning during 2006—2011. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2012, 23(5): 513-522.

Citation:

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Comprehensive Observation Experiments and Application Study of Artificially Triggered Lightning During 2006—2011

1.
Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
2.
Lightning Protection Center of GuangdongProvince, Guangzhou 510080

Received Date: 2012-03-12
Rev Recd Date: 2012-06-13
Publish Date: 2012-10-31

Abstract

Abstract

The Guangdong Comprehensive Observation Experiment on Lightning Discharge (GCOELD) has been conducted in Guangzhou Field Experiment Site for Lightning Research and Testing, Conghua, Guangdong, China from 2006 to 2010. In the experiments, the acoustics, optics, electricity and magneticelements of the discharge process in triggered lightning are observed synthetically. The characteristics of induced voltages produced by triggered lightning on power lines and signal lines of an automatic weather station are measured and analyzed. The triggered lightning technique is also used to test the detection efficiency and precision of lightning location system in Guangdong Province. The peak current of return stoke (RS), the transferred charge within 1 ms after the RS beginning, the half-peak width and the 10%—90% risetime for RS waveform are recorded and analyzed. The relationship between the luminosity of the lightning channel and the continuous current intensity during the initial stage and interval of the return strokes for triggered lightning flashes is analyzed. The results reveal that, on the whole, luminosity of the air-ionized part of lightning channel shows obvious positive correlation with current. Linear correlation exists between square root of integrated luminosity and current when the luminosity of lightning channel doesn't reach saturation in the high-speed images. However, the parameters in the fitting equation are slightly distinct for different processes. The 2D propagation speed of upward positive leader for the triggered lightning is about 104—105 m·s^-1. The speed of downward negative leader involved in altitude triggered lightning is about 105 m·s^-1. The information on the shape and velocity of the leader channel provided by the high-speed camera records and the synchronous electrical field change data are used to calculate the charge densities and current of upward positive leader for the triggered lightning. The results indicate that, prior to disintegration of the wire, the charge densities of the upward positive leaders range from several micro-coulombs to hundreds of micro-coulombs per meter, and the distribution of charge densityis strongly skewed toward the upward positive leader tips.The calculated current in the upward positive leaders ranges from less than one to dozens of amperes, and increases with the ongoing propagation of the leader. The induced voltage pulse caused by the RS on the overhead power line appears as a positive peak initially and then declines sharply, followed by a negative peak, with a period of several microseconds between the positive and negative peaks. The maximum negative and positive peaks of the bipolar induced voltages on the power line are-10.31 kV and 4.47 kV, respectively. The voltage associated with the fast-changing pulses superposed on the continuous current following the return strokes can exceed 1 kV. The waveform of voltage on the signal for wind speed shows the peak pulses resembled a "V" shape. The results of the lightning location system in Guangdong report that the flash and stroke detection efficiency are 92% and 45% for rocket-triggered lightning, respectively. The space location error ranges from 111 to 5250 m with a mean space location error of 759 m. The relative error between peak current estimated by LLS and the direct measured current from the channel bottom of artificial triggered lightning is 16.3%.
- triggered lightning;
- return stroke current;
- induced voltage;
- detection efficiency

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References(35)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 The average fast electric field waveform (a) and the energy spectrum (b) for subsequent return strokes in natural and triggered lightning^[6]

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Fig. 2 The layout for experiment field of triggered lightning

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图 3 2009年6月22日一次经典触发闪电的电流波形 (大图为大量程条件下的测量结果；回击过程1和回击过程2分别为两次回击的放大图；初始阶段的放大图为小量程条件下的测量结果)

Fig. 3 Current waveform of classical triggered lightning on 22 June 2009

(the big figure is record of current with large range; small figures for the first and second return strokes are extended figure, from big figure, respectively; small figure for initial state is extended figure from big figure, but with small range)

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Fig. 4 Located result of broadband interferometer for dart leader involving in the triggered lightning on 1 July 2007

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Fig. 5 The induced voltages on the transmission line of automatic weather station caused by the triggered lightning on 12 August 2008

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Fig. 6 Expanded waveforms of induced voltage pulses on the live line corresponding to the first seven return strokes in Fig. 5

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Fig. 7 Return stroke peak currents from direct measurement versus corresponding values from lightening location system for artificial-triggered lightning strokes

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Table 1 Characteristics of return stroke current parameters

统计量	I_peak/kA	t_HPW/μs	t/μs	G/(kA·μs^-1)	G_max/(kA·μs^-1)	Q₁/C	AI₁/(10³ A²·s)
最小值	6.67	6.18	0.22	3.90	10.00	0.44	1.11
最大值	31.93	74.19	2.25	74.98	117.08	4.16	28.89
算术平均值	17.43	23.93	0.53	34.93	63.40	1.76	9.41
几何平均值	16.07	19.29	0.44	29.61	54.01	1.36	5.39
标准差	6.95	16.44	0.41	17.59	29.29	1.24	9.31
对数标准差	0.18	0.29	0.24	0.30	0.29	0.32	0.49

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References

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