Quality Evaluations and Comparisons of Radiation Data at Lin'an and Longfengshan Stations

Song Jianyang; Zheng Xiangdong; Cheng Xinghong; Ma Qianli; Yu Xiangming; Dai Xin; Yu Dajiang

Vol.24, NO.1, 2013

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2013 > 24(1): 65-74

Song Jianyang, Zheng Xiangdong, Cheng Xinghong, et al. Quality evaluations and comparisons of radiation data at Lin'an and Longfengshan stations. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(1): 65-74.

Citation:

Song Jianyang, Zheng Xiangdong, Cheng Xinghong, et al. Quality evaluations and comparisons of radiation data at Lin'an and Longfengshan stations. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(1): 65-74.

Song Jianyang, Zheng Xiangdong, Cheng Xinghong, et al. Quality evaluations and comparisons of radiation data at Lin'an and Longfengshan stations. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(1): 65-74.

Citation:

Song Jianyang, Zheng Xiangdong, Cheng Xinghong, et al. Quality evaluations and comparisons of radiation data at Lin'an and Longfengshan stations. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(1): 65-74.

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Quality Evaluations and Comparisons of Radiation Data at Lin'an and Longfengshan Stations

1.
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
2.
CMA Public Meteorological Service Center, Beijing 100081
3.
Lin'an Regional Air Background Station, Lin'an 311300
4.
Longfengshan Regional Air Background Station, Wuchang 150200

Received Date: 2012-06-01
Rev Recd Date: 2012-10-18
Publish Date: 2013-02-28

Abstract

Abstract

Solar radiation is widely used in the studies of climate change, evaluation of model simulations and assessment of solar radiation energy resources. Therefore, accurate observations of solar radiation data are absolutely needed. An international BSRN method of solar data quality assessment and quality control (QA-QC) is applied to investigate data quality of solar radiation and downward long-wave radiation (DLR) measured from 2005 to 2011 at Lin'an and Longfengshan, two regional background stations in the mainland of China. The method includes 3 steps of testing. They are the sequential limits of physically possible, extremely rare and relevant factor comparison. The results show that percentages of radiation data meeting requirements of the first two test steps of the quality test at both sites are more than 99.5%, but in the third step, the percentage dropped to 97.9% at Lin'an and 95.9% at Longfengshan. The error of the 2AP (2 axis position) in tracking sun-disk is the main cause for those direct and diffuse radiation data failing to meet the conditions of quality test, and the scenario is more frequent at the high SZA (solar zenith angle). Compared to the rate evaluated by the prevalent limit of global radiation error, the BSRN third step makes the rate of validated solar radiation data be reduced by 0.9% and 1.6% at Lin'an and Longfengshan, respectively. The thermal offset of CM21 pyrometer is from-5 W·m^-2 to-2 W·m^-2. With the compensation of thermal offset, the rate of radiation data meeting requirements of the BSRN quality test is obviously improved.It is well known that the most important factor affecting the surface solar radiation includes cloud, water vapor and aerosol. Therefore, variations of solar radiation with changes of SZA are analyzed with removal of cloud effect. It is identified that the global and direct radiation irradiances at Lin'an are obviously lower than those at Longfengshan with the same SZA, while the diffuse radiation is opposite. The cause for these phenomena is due to the lower atmospheric transparency and higher atmospheric turbidity at Lin'an.The annual averages of solar radiation and DLR at the sites are calculated. The annual averaged daily integrated global solar radiation and global solar radiation under clear condition at Lin'an are 12.4±7.2, 16.5±5.0 MJ·m-2, while the coincident average radiations at Longfengshan are 13.5±7.2, 15.5±6.2 MJ·m^-2. Annual average DLR at Lin'an is 363.7±59.3 W·m^-2, obviously higher than that at Longfengshan (274.9±77.6 W·m^-2). There is an obvious decreasing trend of DLR at Lin'an, and global solar radiation takes on an increasing trend at Longfengshan under clear sky.
- solar radiation;
- atmospheric downward long-wave radiation;
- quality test and evaluation

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References(24)

Figures and Tables

图 1 临安站第3层质量检验结果分布(实线为检验上限，虚线为检验下限)

(a) 散射比检验，(b)E_g/E_gC检验

Fig. 1 Distributions of the radiation data meeting the third step of the quality test at Lin'an (solid and dotted lines denote testing maximum and minimum limits, respectively)

(a) diffuse ratio examination,(b)E_g/E_gC examination

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Fig. 2 Monthly rate of radiation data meeting the 3-step quality test at Lin'an

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图 3 龙凤山站第3层质量检验结果分布 (实线为检验上限，虚线为检验下限)

(a) 散射比检验，(b)E_g/E_gC检验

Fig. 3 Distributions of the radiation data meeting the third step of the quality test at Longfengshan (solid and dotted lines denote testing maximum and minimum limits, respectively)

(a) diffuse ratio examination, (b)E_g/E_gC examination

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Fig. 4 Monthly rate of radiation data meeting the 3-step quality test at Longfengshan

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图 5 临安与龙凤山站地面太阳辐射随太阳天顶角变化

(a) 总辐射, (b) 直接辐射, (c) 散射辐射

Fig. 5 Variations of solar radiation with changes of solar zenith angle at Lin'an and Longfengshan (a) global radiation, (b) direct radiation, (c) diffuse radiation

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Table 1 Thermal offsets of pyranometers at night

仪器	临安站		龙凤山站
仪器	型号	平均值/(W·m^-2)	型号	平均值/(W·m^-2)
总辐射表	CM21(#051465)	-2.46±1.275	CM21(#051467)	-3.07±1.039
散射辐射表	CM21(#051466)	-2.12±0.769	CM21(#051468)	-2.30±1.155
直接辐射表	CH1 (#050386)	-0.19±0.218	CH1 (#050387)	-0.04±0.409

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Table 2 Parameters in the tests of physically possible and extremely rare limits (unit:W/m²)^[13]

辐射量	物理可能限制检验		极端罕见限制检验
辐射量	下限	上限	下限	上限
总辐射	-4	S_a×1.5×μ₀^1.2+100	-2	S_a×1.2×μ₀^1.2+50
散射辐射	-4	S_a×0.95×μ₀^1.2+50	-2	S_a×0.75×μ₀^1.2+30
直接辐射	-4	S_a	-2	S_a×0.95×μ₀^0.2+10
向下长波辐射	40	700	60	500
注：S_a为经过日地距离订正后的太阳常数，μ₀为太阳天顶角的余弦值。

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Table 3 Parameters in the test of relevant factor comparison^[13]

变量	下限	上限	参数范围
E_d/E_g		1.05	(E_g>50, θ_Θ < 75°)
E_d/E_g		1.10	(E_g>50, 75° < θ_Θ < 93°)
E_g/E_gC	0.92	1.08	(E_gC>50, θ_Θ < 75°)
E_g/E_gC	0.85	1.15	(E_gC>50, 75° < θ_Θ < 93°)

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Table 4 Statistics of radiation data meeting the first two steps of the quality test at Lin'an from 2005 to 2011

辐射量	样本量	缺测率 /%	第1层通过率/%	第2层通过率/%
总辐射	1773290	0.25	99.99	99.95
散射辐射	1773290	4.20	99.99	99.98
直接辐射	1773290	4.20	99.93	99.75
大气向下长波辐射	3347685	0.03	99.99	99.99

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Table 5 Distribution of the radiation data meeting the first two steps of the quality test at Longfengshan from 2005 to 2011

辐射量	样本量	缺测率 /%	第1层通过率/%	第2层通过率/%
总辐射	1661769	1.37	99.99	99.93
散射辐射	1661769	13.39	99.97	99.54
直接辐射	1661769	21.50	99.89	99.68
大气向下长波辐射	3068228	0.36	99.85	99.78

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Table 6 The rate of data meeting requirements of quality evaluation with or without thermal offset correction

站点	检验方案	总辐射 (√)	散射辐射 (√)	总辐射 (√)	散射辐射 (×)	总辐射 (×)	散射辐射 (√)
站点	检验方案	θ_Θ < 75°	θ_Θ>75°	θ_Θ < 75°	θ_Θ>75°	θ_Θ < 75°	θ_Θ>75°
临安	散射比检验	0.84%	4.96%	0.89%	4.93%	-2.14%	-0.41%
	E_g/E_gC检验	0.77%	4.30%	-0.23%	-0.13%	0.36%	4.04%
	第3层检验	1.03%	4.92%	0.14%	0.89%	-1.73%	0.22%
龙凤山	散射比检验	0.40%	3.78%	0.42%	3.79%	-1.40%	-0.05%
	E_g/E_gC检验	0.19%	3.02%	-0.76%	-1.62%	0.44%	3.79%
	第3层检验	0.30%	3.50%	-0.64%	-1.09%	-1.01%	1.31%
注：“√”表示进行热偏移订正处理，“×”表示未进行热偏移订正处理。

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Table 7 The annual mean with standard deviations of E_g and DLR at Lin'an and Longfengshan

年份	临安站						龙凤山站
	DLR/(W·m^-2)		E_g/(MJ·m^-2)		晴空E_g/(MJ·m^-2)		DLR/(W·m^-2)		E_g/(MJ·m^-2)		晴空E_g/(MJ·m^-2)
	年平均	标准偏差	年平均	标准偏差	年平均	标准偏差	年平均	标准偏差	年平均	标准偏差	年平均	标准偏差
2005^*	368.4	62.97	11.6	6.32	14.2	2.57	281.4	78.22	11.5	6.17	14.9	5.19
2006	370.0	55.13	12.5	7.29	17.2	5.12	267.5	79.45	13.7	7.32	14.5	8.09
2007	369.9	55.85	12.8	7.21	16.5	4.97	263.0	66.99	14.1	7.67	14.4	6.11
2008	365.1	59.75	12.4	7.34	16.6	5.23	279.9	76.72	13.9	7.19	14.9	7.42
2009	361.0	58.77	11.6	7.08	17.0	5.23	277.5	82.49	12.6	6.82	14.2	4.47
2010	358.4	59.76	12.3	7.36	17.0	5.37	281.4	78.81	13.4	7.41	16.5	4.66
2011	355.9	63.19	12.5	7.01	16.0	5.10	277.0	78.43	13.9	7.12	17.2	7.17
注:*临安站观测从2005年8月5日开始；龙凤山站观测从2005年7月24日开始。

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