The Multiple-meteorological-factor Indexes for Orange Frozen Injury in Jiangxi Province

Yang Aiping; Du Xiaoling; Wang Baosheng; Guo Ruige; Liu Wenying

Vol.24, NO.2, 2013

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2013 > 24(2): 248-256

Yang Aiping, Du Xiaoling, Wang Baosheng, et al. The multiple-meteorological-factor indexes for orange frozen injury in Jiangxi Province. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(2): 248-256.

Citation:

Yang Aiping, Du Xiaoling, Wang Baosheng, et al. The multiple-meteorological-factor indexes for orange frozen injury in Jiangxi Province. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(2): 248-256.

Yang Aiping, Du Xiaoling, Wang Baosheng, et al. The multiple-meteorological-factor indexes for orange frozen injury in Jiangxi Province. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(2): 248-256.

Citation:

Yang Aiping, Du Xiaoling, Wang Baosheng, et al. The multiple-meteorological-factor indexes for orange frozen injury in Jiangxi Province. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(2): 248-256.

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The Multiple-meteorological-factor Indexes for Orange Frozen Injury in Jiangxi Province

Jiangxi Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Nanchang 330046

Received Date: 2012-04-16
Rev Recd Date: 2012-11-30
Publish Date: 2013-04-30

Abstract

Abstract

A persistent period of low temperature weather is the main cause to the frozen injury of orange during the winter, which is usually accompanied by the sleet and frost weather process (or drought). And the sleet and frost weather process (or drought) may aggravate the injury to the orange. The single-meteorological-factor index of the orange frozen injury is well known and commonly used to analyze the degree of the disaster, which only refers to the low temperature factor while neglects other ones. Considering the climate characteristics which may bring about the frozen injury, a series of frozen injury indexes for orange, including the single-station index and the regional index, are designed by employing multiple meteorological factors, such as temperature, rainfall amount and persistent days of rain. Tallied with the freezing disasters happened in Jiangxi Province from 1959 to 2009 and compared with the single-meteorological-factor index, the surveying effects of the multiple-meteorological-factor indexes are assessed. The calculation results of the single-station index for the typical years, such as 1992 or 2000, compared with the single-meteorological-factor index, are more in line with the freezing disaster happened in Jiangxi Province. Both the reflection on the damage degree and the characteristic of spatial distribution of the single-station grade of the multiple-meteorological-factor indexes are consistent with the actual situation. Taken the typical counties Nanfeng and Xinfeng as example, compared with the single-meteorological-factor index, the calculation result of the frequency for each single-station grade of the multiple-meteorological-factor indexes is more accordant with the cultivation habit and the disaster experience. And the calculation result of single-station grade is much more in line with the actual orange frozen disaster in Nanfeng from 1957 to 2000. The accuracy of the regional index from 1959 to 2009 is about 90%. Meanwhile, the freezing years, in which the calculation grade of regional multiple-meteorological-factor index is extreme-serious, are completely accordant with the actual situation. According to the record from the Department of Agriculture of Jiangxi Province, 80% of the calculation result of the regional grade for each districts in the typical year (for example, in 1992) is in accordance with the actual orange frozen disaster.Results indicate that the single-station multiple-meteorological-factor index for orange can reflect the damage degree and the characteristic of the spatial distribution better than the single-meteorological-factor index. In addition, the analyzing results suggest that the regional multiple-meteorological-factor index is able to assess the regional degree of frozen injury, which can be used to analyze the climate suitability of orange.
- orange frozen injury;
- multiple-meteorological-factor indexes;
- index design

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References(27)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 The flow chart of index design

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Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of the calculation results for single-station grades in 1992 and 2000

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Table 1 Classify of the single-meteorological-factor grads for orange frozen injury

冻害等级	无	轻度	中度	偏重	严重	特重
极端最低气温T_min/℃	T_min＞－3	－5＜T_min≤－3	－7＜T_min≤－5	－9＜T_min≤－7	－11＜T_min≤－9	T_min≤－11

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Table 2 Classify of the meteorological factors

级别	级数	越冬期极端最低气温 (T_d)/℃	前一年12月—当年1月降水距平百分率 (A_r)/%	越冬期最长持续降水日数 (D_r)/d	越冬期日最低气温≤-1.5℃ 最长持续日数 (D_c)/d
0级	0	T_d＞－3	A_r＞－30	D_r＜2	D_c＜2
1级	1	－5＜T_d≤－3	－40＜A_r≤－30	2≤D_r＜5	2≤D_c＜4
2级	2	－7＜T_d≤－5	－50＜A_r≤－40	5≤D_r＜10	4≤D_c＜6
3级	3	－9＜T_d≤－7	－60＜A_r≤－50	10≤D_r＜15	6≤D_c＜8
4级	4	－11＜T_d≤－9	－70＜A_r≤－60	15≤D_r＜20	8≤D_c＜10
5级	5	T_d≤－11	A_r≤－70	D_r≥20	D_c≥10

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Table 3 Classify of the single-station grades and the frozen injury intensity

冻害等级	f值	级数	冻害表现
轻度	6≤f＜11	1	甜橙类大部分叶片受冻，部分秋梢受冻；宽皮橘部分叶片受冻，秋梢没有明显伤害。甜橙类减产小于10%。
中度	11≤f＜16	2	甜橙类大部分叶片死亡，一年生枝梢大部分受到明显伤害，减产10%~30%；宽皮橘部分叶片死亡，一年生枝梢部分受冻，产量受到影响，但减产不明显。
偏重	16≤f＜21	3	甜橙类绝大部分叶片受冻死亡、或脱落，一、二年生枝梢全部冻死，减产30%~60%；宽皮橘一年生枝梢冻死，减产20%~30%。金柑类叶片受冻。
严重	21≤f＜26	4	甜橙类枝条大部分死亡，只保留主干、主枝、副主枝等骨干枝，基本绝收；宽皮橘类大部分枝梢死亡，减产30%~50%。金柑类受冻明显。
特重	f≥26	5	甜橙类植株接穗部分或全树死亡；宽皮橘类大部分枝条死亡，只保留主干、主枝、副主枝等骨干枝，减产50%以上，幼、老、病、结果较多及管理较差的果树死亡；金柑类大部分枝条受冻，减产20%以上。

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Table 4 Classify of the regional grades for orange frozen injury

冻害等级	轻度	中度	偏重	严重	特重
F	1.0≤F＜2.0	2.0≤F＜3.0	3.0≤F＜3.5	3.5≤F＜4.0	F≥4.0

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Table 5 Calculation results of the frequency for each single-station grade at Nanfeng and Xinfeng

站点	冻害指标类型	不同等级冻害的发生频率/%
站点	冻害指标类型	无	轻度	中度	偏重	严重	特重
南丰 (27.21°N)	单一气象要素	29.4	41.2	25.5	2.0	2.0	0.0
南丰 (27.21°N)	多气象要素	21.6	11.8	21.6	19.6	13.6	11.8
信丰 (25.40°N)	单一气象要素	76.5	21.6	2.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
信丰 (25.40°N)	多气象要素	64.7	17.6	11.8	3.9	2.0	0.0

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Table 6 Actual orange frozen disaster and the calculation results of the frequency for single-station grade in Nanfeng from 1957 to 2000

低温过程时段	冻害情况	多气象要素的柑橘冻害指标计算结果	单一气象要素的柑橘冻害指标计算结果
1966-12—1967-01	柑橘幼树受冻严重	特重 (26)	偏重 (-7.0℃)
1969-01—1969-02	柑橘冻死约50000株 (包括管理不妥造成的死树在内)	特重 (27)	中度 (-5.7℃)
1973-12	柑橘受冻，程度较轻	严重 (24)	中度 (-6.7℃)
1977-01—1977-02	南丰蜜橘受冻，但减产小于50%	特重 (27)	中度 (-5.5℃)
1985-12	山区、下坡低洼地受冻严重，部分橘树冻死	严重 (21)	中度 (-5.2℃)
1991-12	南丰蜜橘大冻害，全县冻死柑橘4365.4 hm²，占80.3%	特重 (31)	严重 (-10.8℃)
1999-12	南丰蜜橘发生轻至中度冻害	严重 (24)	中度 (-6.6℃)
注：柑橘冻害实况资料来自文献[21]中的统计资料；多气象要素的柑橘冻害指标计算结果中的括号内为当年的单站冻害指数；单一气象要素的柑橘冻害指标计算结果中的括号内为当年的极端最低气温。

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Table 7 Calculation results of the regional grades for orange frozen injury in Jiangxi from 1959 to 2009

区域柑橘冻害等级	年份
无	1973，1975，1987，1991，1999，2001，2007
轻度	1964，1966，1978，1981，1982，1988，1989，1995，1996，1997，1998，2002，2003，2004，2008
中度	1965，1979，1980，1983，1984，1985，1990，1993，1994，2005，2006，2009
偏重	1959，1961，1962，1968，1971，1986
严重	1960，1969，1970，1972，1976
特重	1963，1967，1974，1977，1992，2000
注：标注下划线的年份为文献[22-26]记载的江西全省性严重冻害年或部分地区严重冻害年。

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Table 8 Actual orange frozen disaster and the calculation results of the regional grades in Jiangxi of 1992

地名	1992年严重冻害		区域冻害指标计算结果
地名	面积/hm²	占总面积/%	冻害指数	冻害等级
赣州	1306.7	4.1	2.9	中度
吉安	5600.0	32.3	4.3	特重
抚州	14533.3	80.0	5.0	特重
上饶	5506.7	60.7	5.0	特重
宜春	7960.0	59.7	5.0	特重
九江	2886.7	45.0	4.4	特重
新余	2960.0	75.9	5.0	特重
南昌	2666.7	82.1	5.0	特重
鹰潭	2453.3	83.8	5.0	特重
景德镇	740.0	64.2	5.0	特重
萍乡			5.0	特重
注：柑橘冻害实况资料来源于1992年江西省农牧渔业厅统计资料。

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