Vol.24, NO.3, 2013
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Liu Yulian, Ren Guoyu, Yu Hongmin, et al. Climatic characteristics of intense snowfall in China with its variation. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(3): 304-313.
Citation: Liu Yulian, Ren Guoyu, Yu Hongmin, et al. Climatic characteristics of intense snowfall in China with its variation. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(3): 304-313.
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Climatic Characteristics of Intense Snowfall in China with Its Variation

  • 1.

    Heilongjiang Provincial Climate Center, Harbin 150030

  • 2.

    Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, CMA, Beijing 100081

  • 3.

    Heilongjiang Provincial Lightning Protection Center, Harbin 150030

  • Received Date: 2012-09-21
  • Rev Recd Date: 2013-03-18
  • Publish Date: 2013-06-30
    Abstract
  • Based on daily ground snowfall observations of national meteorological stations, climatic zonation is carried out according to the snowfall variability with the REOF method to the north of 25°N in China. The main climatic characteristics and variation of intense snowfall events in different climate zones are analyzed, including the spacial distribution difference, the changing characteristics of intense snowfall and the number of snow days of the month, ten-day, spatial changes and temporal evolutions in the trend of intense snowfall, the number of snow days and intensity, and the climate change trends of the 1961—2008 and 1981—2008 (considering climate warming) are calculated, respectively.It shows that the east of Tibet Plateau, Xinjiang and the north of Northeast China have the highest amount and frequency of intense snowfall. The maximum intense snow intensity centers in Yunnan. The percentage of intense snow days to total snowfall days is generally low in North China, followed by the north of Northeast China and Xinjiang, and the largest percentage occurs in the Huang-Huai River Areas. In the north of Northeast China, North China, Northwest China and the east of Tibet Plateau, the high-frequency periods of intense snow events are generally in spring and early winter. It comes to mid-winter in Xinjiang, and to late winter in the Huang-Huai River Areas. In the north of Northeast China, Xinjiang and the east of Tibet Plateau, the intense snowfall and snow days obviously increased over the last 48 years. With climate warming, the intense snowfall and snow days increase, and meanwhile the intense snow intensity strengthens in most regions of China.Due to the snowfall measurement error, the estimation results of the mean intense snowfall and snow intensity in the north of China may be low, in the spring, the mean wind speed is strong, and the intense snowfall and snow intensity estimation is lower. Because the wind speed near the ground is in decreasing trend, the analysis of climate change on intense snowfall and snow intensity may be that the increasing trend is overestimated, while the decreasing trend is underestimated. The snowfall measurement error change caused by the average wind speed decreasing mainly affects the analysis of intense snowfall events of climate change, while has few impacts on the research of climatic characteristics.
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  • Fig. 1  The distribution of meteorological stations and snowfall regionalization

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    Fig. 2  The distributions of annual intense snowfall (unit:mm) (a), the number of intense snow days (unit:d) (b) and intense snow intensity (unit:mm·d-1) (c)

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    Fig. 3  The changes of ten-day average intense snowfall (dashed line) and the number of intense snow days (solid line) in different regions from 1971 to 2000

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    Fig. 4  Spatial distribution of the intense snowfall (a), the number of intense snow days (b), intense snow intensity (c) change trends during 1961—2008, and the intense snowfall (d), the number of intense snow days (e), intense snow intensity (f) change trends during 1981—2008

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    Table  1  Definition of indices of snowfall and intense snowfall used in this paper

    指标 定义
    降雪年 从当年7月1日至下一年6月30日
    雪季 降雪年内第1日和最后1日出现固态降水天气现象的时间间隔 (单位：d)
    年降雪量 降雪年内降雪量总和
    强降雪日数和强降雪量 雪季内日 (24 h) 降雪量超过气候基准期内80%分位值的总降雪日数 (单位：d) 和总降雪量 (单位：mm)
    强降雪强度 雪季内强降雪量与强降雪日数的比值 (单位：mm·d-1)
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    Table  2  Accamulated intense snowfall amounts and the number of intense snowfall days in different sub-regions from 1971 to 2000

    地区 强降雪量/mm 强降雪日数/d
    东北北部 316.9 50.43
    华北 221.2 31.57
    黄淮 221.9 26.58
    西北 149.2 28.15
    新疆 321.1 48.89
    青藏高原东部 511.7 70.79
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    Table  3  Monthly mean intense snowfall in different regions (unit: mm)

    月份 东北北部 华北地区 黄淮地区 西北地区 新疆 青藏高原东部
    7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7
    8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 2.1
    9 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.5 19.0
    10 61.5 14.1 4.1 20.3 20.0 79.0
    11 67.4 46.8 27.4 19.3 63.3 37.3
    12 35.0 31.9 32.7 4.7 76.2 16.8
    1 16.2 34.7 48.0 5.5 51.7 23.4
    2 17.9 31.6 46.2 10.0 53.4 47.9
    3 79.9 45.4 51.5 39.0 40.2 105.8
    4 35.5 15.2 10.6 33.5 14.7 94.8
    5 2.8 1.3 1.3 15.2 1.2 64.9
    6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 18.0
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    Table  4  The number of monthly mean intense snow days in different regions (unit: d)

    月份 东北北部 华北地区 黄淮地区 西北地区 新疆 青藏高原东部
    7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50
    8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.32
    9 0.10 0.03 0.00 0.15 0.11 3.14
    10 8.07 1.77 0.60 3.85 3.00 9.93
    11 11.43 6.55 3.23 3.95 9.68 4.57
    12 5.83 4.72 4.09 1.15 11.84 2.61
    1 2.73 4.91 5.53 1.35 8.21 3.68
    2 3.33 4.49 5.63 2.35 7.74 6.93
    3 13.03 6.92 6.02 7.35 6.26 13.40
    4 5.40 2.01 1.32 5.90 1.84 13.00
    5 0.50 0.17 0.14 2.00 0.21 9.93
    6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 2.79
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    Table  5  Comparison of annual mean intense snowfall amounts, the number of intense snow days and intense snow intensity between 1981—2008 and 1961—1980 for different sub-regions

    要素 时段 东北北部 华北 黄淮 西北 新疆 青藏高原东部
    强降雪量/mm 1961—1980年 9.5 7.8 7.0 4.3 9.1 13.0
    1981—2008年 10.9 7.3 7.3 5.0 11.3 17.1
    强降雪日数/d 1961—1980年 1.48 1.06 0.86 0.86 1.42 1.84
    1981—2008年 1.73 1.01 0.87 0.96 1.72 2.35
    强降雪强度/(mm·d-1) 1961—1980年 6.4 7.4 8.1 5.0 6.4 7.1
    1981—2008年 6.3 7.2 8.4 5.2 6.6 7.3
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    • Received : 2012-09-21
    • Accepted : 2013-03-18
    • Published : 2013-06-30
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