Simulation and Analysis of the Relationship Between the Turbine Blade Condition and Its Lightning Strike Probability

Li Dan; Zhang Yijun; Lü Weitao

Vol.24, NO.5, 2013

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Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2013 > 24(5): 585-594

Li Dan, Zhang Yijun, Lü Weitao. Simulation and analysis of the relationship between the turbine blade condition and its lightning strike probability. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(5): 585-594.

Citation:

Li Dan, Zhang Yijun, Lü Weitao. Simulation and analysis of the relationship between the turbine blade condition and its lightning strike probability. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(5): 585-594.

Li Dan, Zhang Yijun, Lü Weitao. Simulation and analysis of the relationship between the turbine blade condition and its lightning strike probability. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(5): 585-594.

Citation:

Li Dan, Zhang Yijun, Lü Weitao. Simulation and analysis of the relationship between the turbine blade condition and its lightning strike probability. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(5): 585-594.

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Simulation and Analysis of the Relationship Between the Turbine Blade Condition and Its Lightning Strike Probability

Li Dan^{1,2
,
,},
Zhang Yijun^1,2,
Lü Weitao^1,2

1.
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
2.
Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering, Chinese Academy of

Received Date: 2012-09-08
Rev Recd Date: 2013-07-11
Publish Date: 2013-10-31

Abstract

Abstract

To study the interaction between the lightning leader and the wind turbine, a 2-dimension random model of lightning leader is used to simulate and analyze the cases of lightning flash striking the wind turbine. Random simulation results demonstrate that as the horizontal distance between the initial downward leader and the turbine increases, the probability of the turbine to be stricken by lightning decreases instead, and even declines to about 4% when the distance is around 500 meters. The lightning strike points mostly are the turbine blades and there is some distinction in the striking character when the turbine is under different conditions.Here it is supposed that the wind turbine is relatively still because the rotation speed of the blade can be ignored compared with the speed at an order about 10⁵ m/s in which the downward stepped leader develops. For simplicity, the blade in the first quadrant is named as No.1 blade and the other two as No.2 and No.3 blade in the clockwise direction. Then all possible turbine states are divided into five basic ones, i.e., turbine state 1—5 when the inclination angle of the No.1 blade is 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60°, respectively. When the relative angle between the No.1 blade of the turbine and the vertical frame is 45°, the upward leader initiated from the turbine blade under the influence of the downward stepped leader has an obvious longer length which reaches 221 meters, nearly 10.3% higher than the average value of all the five basic situations. Due to the randomness of the occurrence that a turbine is stricken by lightning, incidences considering all important factors have been simulated such as the turbine condition and the horizontal distance between the downward initial leader and the turbine.To study and analyze the natural lightning strike probability of the blades under different conditions, the distance value which can vary a lot is hypothesized to be only 0—500 meters. When the inclination angle of the No.1 blade is 15°—45°, the turbine will bear a little higher risk to be stricken by lightning if the horizontal distance between the downward initial leader and the turbine is smaller than 300 meters. But the probability of the turbine to be stricken is relatively much higher if the distance becomes about 500 meters, obviously higher than that of turbines under any other conditions. It can be concluded that when the inclination angle of the No.1 blade is 15°—45°, the probability of the turbine to be stricken is relatively larger.
- leader;
- random simulation;
- turbine condition;
- inclination angle;
- lightning strike probability

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References(35)

Figures and Tables

图 1 风力发电机遭受雷击模拟模型

(a) 二维随机模式的空间结构示意，(b) 风力发电机简化模型

Fig. 1 The simulation model of lightning striking the wind turbine

(a) schematic frame diagram of the 2-D random lightning leader model, (b) simplified model of the turbine

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Fig. 2 Schematic of leader random propagation

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Fig. 3 Basic conditions divided according to the turbine model

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Fig. 4 P of different possible striking points in the modeling space

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Fig. 5 The length of the upward leader initiated from the turbine in different condition

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Fig. 6 The length of upward leader as the downward leader propagates toward the ground

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Fig. 7 P of the turbine blade with different condition

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图 8 下行先导偏移不同位置时，各基本状态时对应1号扇叶尖端处电场变化曲线

(a) 偏右300 m, (b) 偏右500 m

Fig. 8 Changing curves of the electric field intensity near the tip of the No.1 blade under different condition

when the downward leader is 300 meters (a) or 500 meters (b) horizontal from the turbine

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Table 1 Different values of P varying with horizontal distance between the initial downward leader and the turbine

先导水平偏离风机位置	雷击概率/%
先导水平偏离风机位置	1号扇叶	2号扇叶	3号扇叶	地面	其他	备注 (未击中1号扇叶的情况下， 1号扇叶上产生上行先导概率)
正上方	100	0	0	0	0
偏右200 m	98	0	0	2	0
偏右300 m	41	2	0	54	3	100
偏右400 m	26	2	0	72	0	100
偏右500 m	4	0	0	96	0	62

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Table 2 Average value of the upward leader in different conditions

风力发电机转动角度/(°)	上行先导平均长度/m	高出平均值/%
0	170	-15.2
15	189	-5.7
30	212	5.8
45	221	10.3
60	210	4.8

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Table 3 Distribution of P and P_s considering different condition

风力发电机所处状态	下行梯级先导水平位置
	偏左500 m		偏左300 m		0 m		偏右300 m		偏右500 m
	P/%	P_s/%	P/%	P_s/%	P/%	P_s/%	P/%	P_s/%	P/%	P_s/%
基本状态1(0°)	5.0	64.2	40.0	95.0	100.0	100.0	41.0	94.9	4.0	65.2
基本状态2(15°)	3.0	61.9	41.0	96.6	100.0	100.0	42.0	93.1	7.0	54.0
基本状态3(30°)	4.0	62.5	39.0	93.4	99.0	100.0	43.0	95.2	8.0	57.6
基本状态4(45°)	3.0	65.0	39.0	95.1	100.0	100.0	46.0	96.3	15.0	68.2
基本状态5(60°)	4.0	67.0	35.0	95.4	99.0	100.0	38.0	96.8	3.0	64.95
注：P为雷击概率；P_s为未击中扇叶时，扇叶上产生上行正先导的概率。

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