Vol.25, NO.1, 2014
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2014  >  25(1): 22-32
Li Junxia, Li Peiren, Tao Yue, et al. Numerical simulation and flight observation of stratiform precipitation clouds in spring of Shanxi Province. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2014, 25(1): 22-32.
Citation: Li Junxia, Li Peiren, Tao Yue, et al. Numerical simulation and flight observation of stratiform precipitation clouds in spring of Shanxi Province. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2014, 25(1): 22-32.
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Numerical Simulation and Flight Observation of Stratiform Precipitation Clouds in Spring of Shanxi Province

  • 1.

    Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of CMA, NUIST, Nanjing 210044

  • 2.

    Weather Modification Office of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030002

  • 3.

    Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

  • Received Date: 2013-04-24
  • Rev Recd Date: 2013-07-02
  • Publish Date: 2014-01-31
    Abstract
  • The CAMS meso-scale cloud model is introduced and operationally applied since 2009 in Shanxi Province. The macro and micro structure of stratiform precipitation clouds, especially the vertical micro-physical structure are simulated and analyzed for a spring stratiform precipitation process in Shanxi Province on 20 April 2010 using the model. Two cloud physical detection flights are carried out by using weather modification plane with equipments of droplet measurement technologies (DMT) in the same place during the same period of the day. The data and images from flight detection and results of numerical simulation are compared and studied. Simulation results show that the precipitation process mainly comes from cold stratiform cloud. The cloud contains a lot of supercooled water, and the thickness of the rich supercooled water layer is about 4000 meters. The temperature of the supercooled layer is about 0 to-40℃, and the ratio content of the supercooled cloud water is about 0.1—0.7 g·kg-1 with some ice crystals distributed unevenly. The structures of stratus precipitation cloud can be roughly divided into three layers. The first layer (upper layer) is mainly composed of ice crystals; snow, sleet and supercooled cloud water are mixed in the second layer (middle layer); and the third layer (lower layer) is mainly of liquid raindrops. The vertical distribution and the transformation of different hydrometers in different stages of the precipitation are analyzed. The precipitation mainly comes from the melting of the ice phase particles such as ice crystals, snow, sleet and the transformation of liquid cloud droplets. Comparison of the numerical simulation results and the plane observation shows that the temperature and altitude relationship are in good agreement. The simulated vertical structure of the different cloud particles phase and the vertical distribution of the cloud liquid water ratio content are nearly the same as the vertical distribution of different cloud particles images and the cloud liquid water content of the flight detection. The difference is that the simulated height where various hydrometeors appears is higher than the actual flight detection.
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  • Fig. 1  Vertical integrated water distribution at 0900 BT (a) and 2000 BT (b) on 20 April 2010

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    Fig. 2  500 hPa cloud water distribution (shaded) at 0900 BT (a) and 2000 BT (b) on 20 April 2010

    (red isoline denotes temperature, unit:℃)

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    Fig. 3  The number concentration distribution (shaded) of 500 hPa ice crystals at 0900 BT (a), 1200 BT (b) and 2000 BT (c) on 20 April 2010

    (red isoline denotes temperature, unit:℃)

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    Fig. 4  Vertical distribution of hydrometeors over Fenyang Station of Shanxi Province at 1200 BT (a), 1500 BT (b), 1600 BT (c), 1800 BT (d) on 20 April 2010

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    Fig. 5  Vertical distribution of hydrometeors of Wenshui Station at 1200 BT (a), 1500 BT (b), 1700 BT (c), 2100 BT (d) on 20 April 2010

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    Fig. 6  Cloud particle images of CIP (a) and raindrop particle images of PIP (b) during the first flight on 20 April 2010

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    Fig. 7  Simulated vertical distribution of the hydrometeors at 1100 BT over Fenyang Station (a) and 1200 BT over Wenshui Station (b) on 20 April 2010

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    Fig. 8  Vertical distribution of the CDP-LWC (a) and the number concentration of cloud particles (b) during the first flight on 20 April 2010

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    Fig. 9  Cloud particle images of CIP (a) and raindrop particle images of PIP (b) during the second flight on 20 April 2010

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    Fig. 10  Simulated vertical distribution of hydrometeors over Fenyang Station at 1600 BT (a) and 1700 BT (b) on 20 April 2010

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    Fig. 11  Vertical distribution of the CDP-LWC (a) and the number concentration of cloud particles (b) during the second flight on 20 April 2010

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    Table  1  The temperature and height contrast references of the two-flight detections and numerical simulation on 20 April 2010

    层次 第1次 第2次
    飞机探测 数值模拟 飞机探测 数值模拟
    0℃层 3075~3102 m 3100 m附近 2981~3130 m 3100 m附近
    -5℃层 4234~4337 m 4300 m附近 4503~4565 m 4500 m附近
    -10℃层 5600~5633 m 5600 m附近 5750~5782 m 5600 m附近
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    • Received : 2013-04-24
    • Accepted : 2013-07-02
    • Published : 2014-01-31
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