Comparative Analysis of Maximum and Minimum Temperatures of LTS and ASPTS

Yan Jiade; Jin Lianji; Wang Weiwei; Wang Jing

Vol.25, NO.2, 2014

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Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2014 > 25(2): 185-192

Yan Jiade, Jin Lianji, Wang Weiwei, et al. Comparative analysis of maximum and minimum temperatures of LTS and ASPTS. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2014, 25(2): 185-192.

Citation:

Yan Jiade, Jin Lianji, Wang Weiwei, et al. Comparative analysis of maximum and minimum temperatures of LTS and ASPTS. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2014, 25(2): 185-192.

Yan Jiade, Jin Lianji, Wang Weiwei, et al. Comparative analysis of maximum and minimum temperatures of LTS and ASPTS. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2014, 25(2): 185-192.

Citation:

Yan Jiade, Jin Lianji, Wang Weiwei, et al. Comparative analysis of maximum and minimum temperatures of LTS and ASPTS. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2014, 25(2): 185-192.

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Comparative Analysis of Maximum and Minimum Temperatures of LTS and ASPTS

Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipition of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044

Received Date: 2013-07-03
Rev Recd Date: 2013-11-22
Publish Date: 2014-03-31

Abstract

Abstract

In order to meet demands of comprehensive weather observation in modern meteorological service, a development and assessment program of new automatic weather station (NAWS) is sponsored and launched by Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration. Besides the traditional louver temperature observation system (LTS), NAWS can also be equipped with aspirated radiation shield temperature observation system (ASPTS), which borrows the design experience of US Climate Reference Network, for the purpose of achieving future long term homogeneous temperature observations. NAWS has been employed in the surface meteorological station in some provinces of China. Differences between LTS and ASPTS results, influencing factors and the correction method all need investigation, therefore, a parallel experimental measurements consists of LTS and ASPTS is conducted. The experiment is carried out in Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (32°12′N, 118°42′E, elevation is 32 m) from August 2009 to July 2010. Maximum and minimum temperature measurements derived from LTS and ASPTS are compared, and biases of extreme values and difference of the occurrence times are examined under different regimes of ambience wind speeds. A correction model based on ambient wind speed is developed and checked. Results indicate that differences of daily extreme temperature between LTS and ASPTS are not subject to the normal distributions, while they demonstrate a right skewed state and a great degree of deflection. The concordance rate of maximum temperature between LTS and ASPTS is 90.0%, while that of minimum temperature is 81.5%. The gross error rate of maximum temperatures between LTS and ASPTS is almost the same as that of minimum temperature, both of which are about 3.0%. Compared with ASPTS measurements, the extreme values derived from LTS have a positive deviation of 0.2℃ and a lag of 2.5 minutes and 3.2 minutes for maximum temperature and minimum temperature, respectively. Differences of extreme values would be reduced with the enhancement of ambience wind speeds, even reduced to 0.1℃ when the speed is stronger than 4.5 m·s^-1. The deviation correction, which is developed mainly based on wind speed, reduces the difference to 0.03℃ and 0.01℃, and increases the consistent rate to 95.2% and 94.1% for the maximum temperature and minimum temperature, respectively.
- new automatic weather station;
- maximum temperature;
- minimum temperature;
- deviation correction

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References(27)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Frequency distribution of the extreme temperature difference

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Fig. 2 Annual change of the monthly mean extreme temperature difference

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Fig. 3 Annual change of the monthly extreme temperature standard deviation average

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Fig. 4 Frequency distribution of the extreme temperature appearance time (a) maximum temperature, (b) minimum temperature

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Fig. 5 Validation of deviation correction for maximum temperture (a) and minimum temperature (b)

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Table 1 Distribution characteristics of the extreme temperature differences

统计量	对比差
统计量	最高气温	最低气温
偏度系数	0.8	0.9
峰度系数	2.7	2.1
偏度系数偏差	0.1	0.1
峰度系数偏差	0.3	0.3

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Table 2 Statistics of extreme temperature appearance time

时间差统计区间/min	样本比例/%
时间差统计区间/min	最高气温	最低气温
(-∞，-60)	2.2	4.3
[-60, -30)	5.1	2.2
[-30, -10)	6.0	6.9
[-10, 0)	11.4	12.8
0	16.0	8.5
(0, 10]	32.4	40.4
(10, 30]	12.6	15.5
(30, 60]	7.2	4.3
(60，+∞)	7.1	5.2
注：时间差值大于零，表示百叶箱最值出现时间滞后；时间差值小于零，表示通风辐射罩气温观测系统最值出现的时间滞后。

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Table 3 Variations of extreme temperature difference with ambient wind speed

风速范围/(m·s^-1)	平均值/℃		标准差/℃
风速范围/(m·s^-1)	最高气温	最低气温	最高气温	最低气温
[0，1.5)	0.30	0.25	0.24	0.19
[1.5，3)	0.17	0.15	0.20	0.10
[3，4.5)	0.06	0.11	0.18	0.08
[4.5，+∞)	0.06	0.07	0.11	0.05

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Table 4 Variations of extreme temperature appearance time with ambient wind speed

风速范围/(m·s^-1)	最值出现时间差小于平均值的样本比例/%
风速范围/(m·s^-1)	最高气温	最低气温
[0，1)	35.5	35.2
[1，2)	38.4	42.6
[2，3)	40.9	41.2
[3，4)	60.6	55.2
[4，+∞)	60.0	83.3

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Table 5 Correction coefficients for the extreme temperature difference

订正参数	最高气温	最低气温
α	0.035	0.111
β	0.160	0.135
γ	-0.119	-0.396

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Table 6 Statistical features before and after correction

状态	订正对象	平均值/℃	标准差/℃	一致率/%
订正前	最高气温	0.20	0.22	90.0
订正前	最低气温	0.22	0.18	81.5
订正后	最高气温	0.03	0.22	95.2
订正后	最低气温	0.01	0.17	94.1

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