Vol.25, NO.6, 2014
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2014  >  25(6): 690-700
Jin Junli, Yan Peng, Ma Zhiqiang, et al. Characteristics of PM2.5 in Beijing and surrounding areas from January to March in 2013. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2014, 25(6): 690-700.
Citation: Jin Junli, Yan Peng, Ma Zhiqiang, et al. Characteristics of PM2.5 in Beijing and surrounding areas from January to March in 2013. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2014, 25(6): 690-700.
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Characteristics of PM2.5 in Beijing and Surrounding Areas from January to March in 2013

  • 1.

    Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

  • 2.

    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

  • 3.

    Meteorological Observation Center of CMA, Beijing 100081

  • 4.

    Institute of Urban Meteorology, CMA, Beijing 100089

  • 5.

    Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Beijing 100089

  • 6.

    Institute of Atmospheric Environment, CMA, Shenyang 110016

  • Received Date: 2014-04-16
  • Rev Recd Date: 2014-09-05
  • Publish Date: 2014-11-30
    Abstract
  • Frequent and serious haze and fog events happen from January to March in 2013 in Beijing and surrounding areas under special climate conditions, which are different from those in last decades. 8 haze and fog events during this period are defined in accordance with the meteorological definition. The observational PM2.5, black carbon (BC) concentration and the meteorological data at 8 stations in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and Shanxi are used to analyze the fine particle matter and BC pollution level and regional characteristics. The meteorological-parameter variation characteristic and its possible influence on transportation and dilution of atmosphere pollutants are investigated as well.Extraordinarily high daily average PM2.5 concentrations (e.g., 579 μg·m-3 at Shijiazhuang Station) are found, much higher than former researches. Investigations indicate that even though the diurnal variation of PM2.5 concentration varies from station to station, there is a regional high concentration level of PM2.5 in Beijing and surrounding areas for average, which also has characteristic of local accumulation of air pollutants. Analysis on average surface wind speed and atmospheric vertical stability from NCEP reanalysis data in Beijing and surrounding areas from January to March since 2006 to 2013 are conducted, revealing remarkable feature of low surface wind speed and stable structure in lower part of atmosphere in 2013. During the development of fog and haze events, pollution transportation from south to north are observed. High values in south-west and north-east sectors in PM2.5 concentration wind rose correspond to atmospheric-pollutant transportation channel around Beijing.Apart from PM2.5 concentration, BC variation characteristic and its proportion in PM2.5 at Shangdianzi Global Atmosphere Watch Regional Station (SDZ) of Beijing and Gucheng Station (GCH, a rural representative site) of Hebei are studied to enhance the understanding of distinguishing feature of aerosol pollution and its composition in this region. Sharing the similar escalation trend during haze and fog events at both stations, the BC concentration at SDZ is lower, roughly one third of it at GCH. The ratio of BC and PM2.5 mass concentration is of 7.1% during haze and fog events, and 10.3% during the clean days at SDZ. The ratio of BC and PM2.5 mass concentration during haze and fog events versus clean days are of 17.5% and 11.9% at GCH. The contrast values between haze and fog events versus clean days in different stations indicate a higher secondary aerosol proportion during haze and fog events in the down-wind northern area when compared to that in the polluted up-wind southern area in and around Beijing.
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    References(40)

  • Fig. 1  istribution of stations in Beijing and surrounding areas

    (stations with black dots provide meteorological data, PM2.5 and black carbon mass concentration data; stations with hollow box provide meteorological data only)

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    Fig. 2  Hourly variations of surface air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and visibility in Beijing and surrounding areas from January to March in 2013

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    Fig. 3  Variations of the surface wind speed and atmospheric stability (temperature differece between 1000 hPa and 925 hPa) in Beijing and surrounding areas for January-March from 2006 to 2013

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    Fig. 4  Diurnal variations of PM2.5 mass concentrations at six stations in Beijing and surrounding areas from January to March in 2013

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    Fig. 5  Wind direction and PM2.5 mass concentration at 6 stations in Beijing and surrounding areas from January to March in 2013

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    Fig. 6  Variation of ratio of BC and PM2.5 mass concentration during fog, haze and clear events at Shangdianzi and Gucheng stations from January to March in 2013

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    Table  1  Visibility and relative humidity in 8 fog and haze events in Beijing and surrounding areas from January to March in 2013

    雾、霾过程 时段 最小能见度/m 最大相对湿度/%
    第1次 01-09—14 223 89
    第2次 01-19—24 33 90
    第3次 01-27—31 262 93
    第4次 02-11—17 426 89
    第5次 02-21—23 520 88
    第6次 02-25—28 401 89
    第7次 03-05—10 1076 75
    第8次 03-25—27 1952 74
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    Table  2  The mean and the maximum hourly mean of PM2.5 for 8 fog and haze events at 6 stations (unit: μg·m-3)

    雾、霾过程 上甸子站 宝联站 天津站 固城站 石家庄站 太原站
    平均值 最大小时平均值 平均值 最大小时平均值 平均值 最大小时平均值 平均值 最大小时平均值 平均值 最大小时平均值 平均值 最大小时平均值
    第1次 60 306 192 630 202 494 160 391 434 750 123 273
    第2次 60 174 109 444 157 406 262 478 345 579 195 362
    第3次 98 303 170 314 157 253 155 332 306 560 125 276
    第4次 50 172 111 580 123 568 109 269 190 348 123 304
    第5次 55 164 122 457 101 228 101 252 201 334 99 269
    第6次 80 349 178 342 235 356 107 194 247 386 113 410
    第7次 64 308 142 292 121 357 116 510 75 205
    第8次 84 257 141 250 74 219 90 203 79 194
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    Table  3  The mean and the maximum hourly mean BC for 8 fog and haze events at Shangdianzi and Gucheng stations (unit: μg·m-3)

    雾、霾过程 上甸子站 固城站
    平均值 最大小时平均值 平均值 最大小时平均值
    第1次 7.4 21.8 33.0 63.7
    第2次 4.3 11.3 20.4 65.4
    第3次 8.8 17.0 16.7 43.1
    第4次 2.6 8.0 11.7 40.6
    第5次 2.4 6.7 18.2 41.8
    第6次 4.7 17.5 21.2 38.3
    第7次 5.6 15.2 17.4 54.8
    第8次 5.2 9.2 9.0 17.7
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    Table  4  Statistic analysis of averaged BC, PM2.5 mass concentration and their ratios for fog, haze and clear events at Shangdianzi and Gucheng stations

    过程 上甸子站 固城站
    BC质量浓度/(μg·m-3) PM2.5质量浓度/(μg·m-3) BC与PM2.5质量浓度比值/% BC与PM2.5质量浓度相关系数 BC质量浓度/(μg·m-3) PM2.5质量浓度/(μg·m-3) BC与PM2.5质量浓度比值/% BC与PM2.5质量浓度相关系数
    雾、霾 9.0 139.2 7.1 0.77 24.1 195.7 17.5 0.66
    清洁 0.9 9.4 10.3 0.63 3.5 29.9 11.9 0.53
    DownLoad: Download CSV
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    • Received : 2014-04-16
    • Accepted : 2014-09-05
    • Published : 2014-11-30
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