Abstract: Drought is the primary natural disaster that affects agricultural production in China. Understanding the current research status of drought disasters in winter wheat is of great significance for determining future research directions. Through literature analysis method, this study systematically reviews existing research results from multiple aspects, including the definition and classification of drought, its impacts on agricultural systems, disaster formation mechanisms, quantification indicators, spatio-temporal evolution patterns, monitoring and early warning technologies, as well as strategies for disaster prevention and mitigation measures. An outlook on future research trends is also provided, aiming to offer scientific references for monitoring, early warning, disaster prevention and mitigation of winter wheat drought. According to the occurrence period, winter wheat drought can be primarily categorized into autumn-winter drought and spring drought, among which drought during the heading stage (spring drought) has the most significant impact on yield. All winter wheat-growing regions in China are at risk of drought disasters, with the Huang-Huai-Hai Region being the most severely affected. Drought stress significantly affects the physiological and biochemical characteristics, morphological features, and yield components of winter wheat, thereby severely inhibiting its normal growth and development and ultimately leading to yield reduction. Causes of winter wheat drought disasters are complex, involving interactions among meteorological and environmental factors (such as atmospheric circulation, meteorological elements, soil conditions, etc.), as well as the drought resistance of winter wheat itself and human activities. Commonly used indicators for winter wheat drought include meteorological drought indices and agricultural drought indices, with the latter being more applicable. The construction of comprehensive drought indices based on multi-source information has emerged as an important trend in current research. Monitoring of winter wheat drought is shifting from traditional ground-sky two-dimensional model to an integrated three-dimensional system encompassing ground, space, and sky. In terms of early warning, it mainly relies on climate models or numerical forecast information, combined with drought indices and agricultural meteorological models. In drought prediction, hybrid approaches that integrate statistical methods with dynamic models demonstrate significant advantages and yield more accurate forecasting outcomes. Drought prevention and mitigation strategies for winter wheat primarily include the selection of drought-resistant varieties, the adoption of water-saving agricultural techniques, optimized fertilizer and water regulation, and the implementation of precise irrigation. Future research should focus on in-depth investigations into the response mechanisms of winter wheat to drought stress, the construction of dynamic drought identification indices that reflect crop drought resistance characteristics, continuous innovation in drought disaster monitoring and early warning technologies, and the comprehensive improvement in both monitoring accuracy and prediction accuracy. These efforts will provide more reliable scientific and technological support for the prevention and control of winter wheat drought disasters.