Abstract: The integrated atmospheric observation system over the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent areas has been progressively established through successive atmospheric scientific experiments over the region. It serves as a crucial foundation for predictability research on severe weather and climate in China, East Asia, and the Northern Hemisphere. This system also undertakes important missions of safeguarding the ecological security barrier, ensuring water resource security, and providing meteorological support for disaster prevention and mitigation on the Plateau. Furthermore, it constitutes a core component of the ongoing construction of the China Climate Integrated Observation System Project. Core objectives of successive Tibetan Plateau atmospheric scientific experiments have consistently aligned with cutting-edge directions in atmospheric research and major strategic requirements for advancing meteorological operational modernization. Combined with the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Asian Monsoon Experiment (GAME)/Tibet intensive observation, Huaihe River Basin Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (HUBEX), South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX), Huanan and Taiwan Area Mesoscale Experiment (HUAMEX), the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) Asia-Australia Monsoon Project on the Tibetan Plateau (CAMP/Tibet), a comprehensive meteorological observation network and an operational platform for severe weather early warning have been established over the Plateau and its surrounding areas. These efforts have further advanced the development of an integrated observation system that encompasses land-atmosphere interactions, as well as the land surface, planetary boundary layer, troposphere and lower stratosphere over the Plateau. This article comprehensively reviews and systematic summarizes the overall objectives, observation and station network layout design, core scientific achievements, and phased progress of successive Plateau atmospheric scientific experiments. The goal is to provide scientific reference and practical guidance for the future optimization and improvement of the integrated atmospheric observation system over the Plateau and its surrounding areas, as well as for the continuous construction of China’s climate observation system.