Abstract: Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) closely aligns with national strategy needs and international research frontiers, achieving leapfrog development in three core fields from 2000 to 2025. In the field of observation systems, CAMS takes the lead in constructing the comprehensive observation system of atmospheric composition of China Meteorological Administration, expanding from the initial four atmosphere baseline stations to a multi-type comprehensive observation network. It completes the construction of the world’s largest national greenhouse gas observation network with 157 stations in 2025, forming a multi-dimensional monitoring framework and providing high-precision data support. In the field of numerical forecast, CAMS continuously advances China’s atmospheric chemistry model CUACE (China Meteorological Administration Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment) and develops a series of meteorological operational forecast systems. The Asian sand and dust storm numerical forecast system gains international recognition, laying a solid foundation for air quality assurance during major events. The regional chemical weather numerical forecast system not only improves the forecast performance of haze-fog and sand dust, but also enhances the forecast accuracy of conventional numerical weather forecast systems for meteorological elements such as precipitation and temperature by quantifying the interactions between human activities and radiation, as well as clouds. In the field of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality support, CAMS establishes a carbon source and sink assimilation inversion system and a spatiotemporal distribution dataset of carbon sources and sinks in China, builds a decision support system for climate change research and response, and proposes a global carbon neutrality emission scenario for 2 ℃ target aligned with the Paris Agreement. Relevant outcomes contribute China’s strength to the Seventh Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In the recent decade (2015-2025), CAMS undertakes a total of 107 national-level scientific research projects, publishes 543 SCI papers, and wins 2 national-level awards. It forms an integrated transformation mechanism of “research, operation and application”, with the institute’s technological achievements fully supporting national-level meteorological operations. CAMS provides core scientific and technological support for the improvement of China’s atmospheric environment, the achievement of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, and global climate governance.