中国气象科学研究院气象雷达技术及应用进展

Advances in Meteorological Radar Technology and Applications at Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

  • 摘要: 多波段天气雷达、云雷达、风廓线雷达等是灾害性天气监测和预警、云降水微物理和动力参数精细结构观测的重要设备,中国气象科学研究院先后发展了双线偏振雷达、相控阵天气雷达和多波段云雷达探测系统,在广东省龙门、深圳和佛山建立云降水观测基地、强对流观测基地,在青藏高原那曲和墨脱建立云降水观测基地,针对暴雨、台风和云降水微物理结构开展了长期外场试验;研究了W/Ka/Ku多波段云雷达、C波段垂直指向连续波雷达、风廓线雷达、双线偏振天气雷达和相控阵偏振天气雷达数据质量控制方法,S/C/X波段天气雷达组网和融合方法,多波段云雷达微物理和动力参数反演方法,多波段天气雷达的降水估测、降水粒子相态识别、龙卷涡旋特征和中气旋识别和组网方法,并基于人工智能技术开展临近预报方法研究,利用外场试验数据研究华南和青藏高原等地区云降水微物理精细结构和演变过程,研究成果在我国灾害天气监测和预警业务中得到推广应用。

     

    Abstract: The paper outlines research achievements of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) in the development of new multi-band weather radar detection technologies, field experiments, radar data quality control, generation of secondary products, and studies of cloud-precipitation processes and structures. In response to scientific frontiers and national requirements, CAMS has successively developed a C-band transportable dual-polarization radar, an X-band phased-array weather radar, a multi-band cloud radar observation system, and a C-band continuous-wave vertically pointing radar. Cloud-precipitation observation bases and severe convective weather observation bases have been established at Longmen, Shenzhen, and Foshan in Guangdong Province, as well as cloud-precipitation observation bases at Naqu and Mêdog on the Tibetan Plateau. Long-term field experiments are carried out focusing on rainstorms, typhoons, and the microphysical structures of clouds and precipitation at these sites. Utilizing these field experiment data together with observations from the national weather radar network, studies have been conducted on data quality control methods for W/Ka/Ku multi-band cloud radars, C-band vertically pointing continuous-wave radar, wind profiler radars, dual-polarization weather radars, and phased-array dual-polarization weather radars, aiming to remove non-meteorological echoes, reduce attenuation effects, and mitigate systematic biases in radar measurements. Mosaic and integration methods for S-, C-, and X-band weather radars have been developed to extend the spatial coverage of radar data, reduce biases in X-band radar data, and produce high-quality gridded radar data with high spatiotemporal resolution. Employing dual-band Doppler power spectrum analysis technique, methods have been investigated for retrieving vertical air velocity, raindrop size distributions, and drop size distributions of solid precipitation particles of different shapes, as well as vertical profiles of water content and rainfall intensity from multi-band cloud radars. Quantitative precipitation estimation, hydrometeor classification, tornado and mesocyclone identification, and networking approaches for multi-band weather radars have also been studied. Furthermore, nowcasting research based on artificial intelligence has been conducted, thereby enhancing the capability of radar systems to detect cloud and precipitation microphysical and dynamical parameters. Using field experiment data, the fine microphysical structure and evolution of clouds and precipitation in regions such as South China and the Tibetan Plateau have been investigated, providing more detailed data and products for cloud physics and severe weather monitoring and early warning. Many of these research results have been operationally applied to severe weather monitoring and warning services in China. Enhancing the detection capabilities, optimizing the accuracy of observation modes, and expanding the application of phased array weather radar technology, as well as advancing detection techniques using shorter wavelengths and their application in cloud process observation, will remain key research directions for CAMS in the future.

     

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