Abstract: Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) has been a pivotal contributor to typhoon research in China, achieving numerous significant accomplishments through continuous exploration over its 70-year history. This review systematically summarizes the major progress achieved by CAMS over the past two decades in fields of typhoon field experiments, typhoon mechanisms, typhoon-ocean interaction, forecasting techniques, and cross-disciplinary applications. Regarding field experiments, efforts have evolved from early participation in international cooperative experiments such as TOPEX (Typhoon Operatronal Experiment) to recent land-air-space-sea coordinated observations, establishing a multi-platform typhoon observation system. In mechanism studies, the influence of initial vortex size and environmental vertical wind shear on typhoon intensity change has been revealed, and multi-scale controlling factors for rapid intensification and post-landfall maintenance have been elucidated. Effects of upper-level cold vortices and dynamic-thermal effects of Taiwan Island’s topography on track sudden changes have also been identified. The physical mechanisms underlying extreme typhoon rainfall, remote precipitation, and rainfall enhancement by remnant vortices have been systematically investigated. Furthermore, the research has extended to the Bay of Bengal cyclones in the North Indian Ocean, proposing dynamic mechanisms such as the “three-step uplift” water vapor transport. Regarding typhoon-ocean interaction, a sea surface temperature cooling parameterization scheme and a regional atmosphere-ocean coupled model have been developed, and a global unstructured-grid sea-wave-atmosphere-land-ice fully coupled real-time forecasting system has been established. In terms of forecasting technology, a super-observation processing algorithm for radar radial wind assimilation has been developed, and China’s first operational Typhoon Rapid Refresh Analysis and Nowcasting System Version 1.0 (TRANS V1.0) has been constructed. AI-TRANS typhoon forecasting system, which integrates AI large-scale models with regional numerical models, has been developed, exploring a new paradigm of AI-NWP synergy. In cross-disciplinary applications, a refined engineering typhoon wind field model has been established, contributing to the national standard for tropical cyclone impact assessment on offshore wind farms. Typhoon disaster chain simulation technology is developed, along with the development of a catastrophe index insurance scheme. Finally, future research directions are outlined, aiming to provide further scientific references for typhoon disaster prevention and climate change adaptation in China.